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March 2013 Emerging Technologies Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal prepared 2008 Technology Summary Biological-Chemical Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal (BCFS) Process Objective: State of Development: Enhanced nutrient removal (nitrogen and phosphorus). Adaptive Use. Description: The BCFS process has been developed to achieve low-nutrient effluent concentrations at relatively low Biochemical Oxygen Demand Ratio to Nitrogen (BOD/N) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand Ratio to Phosphorus (BOD/P) ratios in the influent. The process design is based on the University of Cape Town (UCT) process. In the process, the return sludge is introduced at the start of the anoxic zone to prevent the presence of nitrate in the anaerobic zone. Mixed liquor is recirculated from the end of the anoxic zone to the anaerobic zone. At the end of the anoxic zone, most of the nitrate is removed. In the anoxic zone, the phosphorus is taken up by phosphate-accumulating bacteria in the activated sludge. The anoxic phosphorus uptake results in a lower energy and BOD demand as well as lower sludge production. Because of the different microorganisms involved in phosphorus and nitrogen removal, the retention times for both removal processes are different. For maximum nitrification and availability of COD for denitrification a long sludge-retention time is necessary. For biological phosphorus removal, usually shorter retention times are advantageous. In the BCFS process, long sludge-retention times that are favorable for the removal of nitrogen are preferred. Comparison to Established Technologies: The BCFS process achieves removal rates for BOD, nutrients, and suspended solids similar to other process designs based on the activated-sludge concept. With the BCFS process configuration, a stable and reliable operation is possible. It has been demonstrated that the biological phosphorus removal capacity is usually sufficient to comply with effluent standards. The settling characteristics of the activated sludge can be enhanced by implementing the BCFS process design. The compartmentalization of the process allows low and stable sludge volume index (SVI) to be achieved. At the Holten WWTP, SVI is reduced from 150 to 80 mL/mg. Chemical phosphorus removal is limited by kinetic factors as well as stoichiometric factors, and excessive inorganic precipitant requirements need to be reduced. Available Cost Information: Approximate Capital Cost: The capital costs for the implementation of a BCFS process in case of upgrading depend on the availability of existing tanks and equipment as well as local requirements and specific application. Actual costs are not disclosed. Approximate O&M Costs: Not disclosed. Vendor Name(s): N/A Key Words for Internet Search: BCFS, nitrogen phosphorus nutrient removal Data Sources: Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands. Waterboard Groot Salland, The Netherlands. Installation(s): Holten WWTP, The Netherlands Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management 3-27PDF Image | Emerging Tech for Wastewater Treatment
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