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March 2013 Nitrogen Removal OpenCel Focused Pulse Objective: Waste activated sludge (WAS) reduction and generation of carbon source for denitrification. Description: Emerging Technologies Technology Summary State of Development: Emerging. prepared 2012 OpenCel uses electrical pulses to disrupt WAS cell structure causing the cells to lyse. OpenCel focused pulse (FP) technology uses high-frequency micro-pulses of between 20 and 60 kV for no more than 0.1 second to cause the cell membrane to swell and rupture. Once ruptured, the WAS is more readily degradable by the active microorganisms. Bench scale research (Lee et al. 2010) shows that the semi-soluble COD of WAS increased by more than 26 times after OpenCel treatment compared with untreated WAS. If the WAS treated with OpenCel is fed to a digester, it degrades more completely, giving higher volatile solids destruction (therefore less biosolids yield) and generating more digester gas (if anaerobic). If fed to an anoxic zone, the ruptured cells become a source of readily biodegradable carbon for denitrification. The denitrification rate using OpenCel treated WAS has been shown to be approximately equal to the rate when using methanol as carbon source but does not include the dangers of methanol handling. Other research (Rittman et al. 2008) shows that full FP pretreatment should increase biogas production and biosolids removal by 60 and 40 percent, respectively. Note that WAS is approximately 6 to 10 percent nitrogen and 1 to 2 percent phosphorus (more if biological phosphorus removal is practiced). Much of that nitrogen and phosphorus is returned to the process when cells are ruptured. Comparison to Established Technologies: Other approaches to generating carbon for denitrification from biomass are based on the use of endogenous respiration and require increased solids retention time and, therefore, tank volume. External sources of carbon purchased specifically for denitrification will generally have no or little nitrogen. Cell lysis by OpenCel or endogenous respiration provides carbon but with about 8 percent nitrogen (proportional to the typical composition of bacteria). Other cell lysis technologies including sonication, MicroSludge, and Cambi are used to improve digestion of sludge but have not been applied to generate carbon within the activated sludge process. Available Cost Information: No cost information is available because of the lack of full-scale installations. Vendor Name(s): OpenCEL, LLC 900 Circle 75 Parkway, Suite 1330 Atlanta, GA 30339 Telephone: 847-835-7418 Fax: 847-835-7423 Email: info@opencel.com Key Words for Internet Search: Focused pulse, OpenCel, carbon source Data Sources: Installation(s): Lancaster, OH – pilot Mesa, AZ – full-scale demonstration Sandino, J., and D. Whitlock, “Evaluation of Processes to Reduce Activated Sludge Solids Generation and Disposal,” Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) Report No. 05-CTS-3, 2010. Lee, Il-Su, et al. “Feasibility of Focused-Pulsed Treated Waste Activated Sludge as a Supplemental Electron Donor for Denitrification,” Water Environment Research Vol. 82, No. 12, pp 2316-2324, 2010. Salerno, M.B. et al. “Using a Pulsed Electric Field as a Pretreatment for Improved Biosolids Digestion and Methanogenisis,” Water Environment Research Vol. 81, No. 8, pp 831-839, 2009. Rittman, B.E., H. Lee, J. Alder, J.E. Banaszak, and R. Lopez. .2008. Full-Scale Application of Focused-Pulsed Pretreatment for Improving Biosolids Digestion and Conversion to Methane. Water Science and Technology Vol. 58, No. 10, pp 1895–1901. Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management 3-35PDF Image | Emerging Tech for Wastewater Treatment
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