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Emerging Technologies Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Objective: This treatment process aims at increasing the biomass in a biological phosphorus removal process without increasing the suspended solids concentration or solids loading to the clarifier. Description: March 2013 prepared 2012 Technology Summary State of Development: Emerging. Integrated Fixed-film Activated Sludge (IFAS) Systems with Biological Phosphorus Removal The IFAS hybrid processes include any activated sludge system that has some type of fixed/film media in a suspended growth reactor to increase the amount of biomass available for treatment. The IFAS media can be retrofitted into existing activated sludge systems and lagoons. There are two major types of IFAS: (1) Submerged Mobile Media IFAS and (2) Submerged Fixed Media IFAS. The media material varies but is usually a plastic carrier, sponge carrier, or knitted matrix. Mobile media is retained by screened baffle walls and can be allowed to migrate over the entire basin volume or can be retained in specific zones by multiple baffle walls. An important feature of the IFAS process is that it provides the capability to decouple the solids retention time (SRT) of the suspended biomass from the SRT of the biomass attached to the IFAS media. This feature is especially useful with processes that must nitrify and perform enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) because the optimal SRT for EBPR is short (< 5 days) while the optimal SRT for nitrification is generally longer (> 8 days) depending on wastewater temperature. Research (Onnis-Hayden et al. 2011) has shown that the majority (> 90%) of the EBPR capability is associated with the suspended biomass, but most of the nitrifying capability (> 70%) is associated with the biomass attached to the IFAS media. This segregation of EBPR and nitrifying organisms allows the suspended phase to be controlled to a short SRT without concern that the nitrifying capability of the system will decline or that nitrifier washout will occur. It also retains the bulk of the nitrifier population in the aerobic zone(s) thereby reducing the nitrifier fraction in the anaerobic and anoxic zones where the nitrifiers are ineffective. Comparison to Established Technologies: The advantage of IFAS over a conventional activated-sludge plant is that IFAS could allow significant expansion without additional aeration basins by increasing biomass without increasing suspended solids concentration. This is a particular benefit when biological nutrient removal is required and allows some basin volume to be converted to anoxic (for denitrification) and/or anaerobic (for EBPR) conditions without a proportional reduction in the quantity of biomass under aeration. Using IFAS with EBPR provides phosphorus removal that would otherwise be attained with metal salt addition and precipitation or some other non- biological process Key Words for Internet Search: IFAS, EBPR, fixed film, BNR Data Sources: Onnis-Hayden, A., N. Majed, A. Schramm, and A.Z. Gu. “Process Optimization by Decoupled Control of Key Microbial Populations: Distribution of Activity and Abundance of Polyphosphate-Accumulating Organisms and Nitrifying Populations in a Full-Scale IFAS-EBPR Plant,” Water Research Vol. 45, No. 13, pp 3845-3854, 2011 3-36 Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather ManagementPDF Image | Emerging Tech for Wastewater Treatment
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