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Emerging Technologies Other Processes prepared 2012 Solar Drying of Sewage Sludge Objective: Use of solar heat to evaporate residual water from sludge, reduce thermal energy requirements and sludge utilization/disposal costs. Description: March 2013 Technology Summary State of Development: Emerging. Thermal drying is the use of heat to evaporate residual water from sludge. It typically follows dewatering and can increase the dry solids content from between 18 and 30 percent to more than 90 percent (WEF 2009). The thermal drying process reduces the mass and volume of dewatered solids and results in a product with a high nutrient and organic content that can be used as a low-grade fertilizer. WEF and ASCE (2010) report on growing use in Europe and the United States of an emerging ECM for thermal drying called solar drying. First developed by researchers in Germany, solar drying uses solar energy and convective air drying methods to produce solids containing no more than 10 percent moisture. Solar dryers consist of a wide concrete pad with low walls enclosed in a “greenhouse” type structure. Sludge is pumped onto the pad and arranged in a relatively thin layer or in windrows. A microprocessor monitors temperature and humidity and adjusts fans and louvers to provide sufficient ventilation for drying. Auxiliary heat may be used to enhance drying performance. Comparison to Established Technologies: The Parkson Corporation reports that approximately 95 percent of energy used for drying is provided by solar panels. They cite 100 installations in a variety of climates and for WWTP sizes ranging from 0.2 to 40 mgd. Solar drying is considered an emerging ECM because of its capacity to significantly reduce fuel requirements compared to conventional dryers. Disadvantages of the technology are its large footprint, the need for sufficient days with adequate solar heating, and potential for odor problems. If odors are present, appropriate control technologies is available and can be provided. Available Cost Information: Information not available. Vendor Name(s): Parkson Corporation Telephone: 1-888-PARKSON Fax: 954-974-6182 technology@parkson.com Key Words for Internet Search: Solar drying, sludge drying, thermal drying Data Sources: Installation(s): As of 2008, WEF and ASCE (2010) report that 10 solar drying facilities are being built or operated in the U.S., mainly at small plants. WEF. 2009. MOP No. 32: Energy Conservation in Water and Wastewater Facilities. Prepared by the Energy Conservation in Water and Wastewater Treatment Facilities Task Force of the Water Environment Federation. McGraw Hill, New York. WEF and ASCE. 2010. Design of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants – WEF Manual of Practice 8 and ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 76, 5th Ed. Water Environment Federation, Alexandria, VA, and American Society of Civil Engineers Environment & Water Resources Institute, Reston, Va. USEPA (2010) Evaluation of Energy Conservation Measures for Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Office of Water. EPA 832-R-10- 005 September 2010. http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/upload/Evaluation-of-Energy-Conservation-Measures-for-Wastewater- Treatment-Facilities.pdf 6-20 Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather ManagementPDF Image | Emerging Tech for Wastewater Treatment
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