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Chapter 7 Research Needs 7.1 Introduction Science and research are critical to advancing EPA’s mission to protect human health and the environment. This chapter focuses on the relevant research needs in the areas of specific technologies that may have a significant impact on wastewater treatment and wet weather flow management, such as achieving higher levels of pollutant removal while minimizing operation and maintenance costs of the treatment system, thereby improving the contributions of the industry to sustainability. Sustainability is based on a simple principle: Everything that we need for our survival and well- being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment. The goal of sustainability is to create and maintain the conditions under which humans and nature can coexist in productive harmony, for both present and future generations. Setting a goal of sustainability is important to achieve having, and continuing to have, the water, materials, and resources, to protect human health and our environment.** This chapter looks into some of the important technology areas and discusses associated research needs of interest in the wastewater treatment industry. 7.2 Research Needs The application of new concepts and technologies to enhance the long-term sustainability of wastewater management can be expedited by promoting research needed to develop and demonstrate these concepts and technologies. At this time, research and technical issues can be grouped into the following areas: (1) upgrading older WWTPs; (2) nutrient removal and recovery (or, “the recovery of resources including energy and nutrients”); (3) removal of other contaminants; (4) security of water systems; (5) energy conservation and renewable energy sources; and (6) wastewater and solids treatment optimization. 7.2.1 Upgrading WWTPs Most of the treatment plants in the United States were constructed more than two decades ago. Many of these treatment facilities need to be upgraded to improve capacity and treatment efficiency. The upgraded treatment processes that can best fit the existing technologies at Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) are chosen based upon wastewater discharge (NPDES) permit requirements and their cost-effectiveness to achieve water quality objectives and protect public health. Such upgrades are often opportunities to employ emerging technologies or established technologies in newer and better ways. Wastewater Treatment and In-Plant Wet Weather Management 7-1PDF Image | Emerging Tech for Wastewater Treatment
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