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Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations

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Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations ( shock-electrodialysis-water-purification-and-electrostatic-c )

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2-10 Desalination performance of the SED prototype using various elec- trolytes at a concentration of 10 mM and an applied flow rate of 76 μL/min plotted against the applied current density. Interestingly, the ion type doesn’t appear to matter much (ignoring small differences in ionic mobility) between electrolytes in which the ions have the same charge numbers. However, if the charge number is different, the desali- nation performance changes drastically, which makes sense, because sulfate ions in some sense require twice as much current to move and also because 10 mM Na2SO4 actually has twice the concentration of sodiumions................................. 60 2-11 Collapse of the data for ion removal (defined as 1 − c ̃, where c ̃ = c/c0, the ratio of fresh to feed concentration) as a function of the dimen- sionless applied current, I ̃ = I/(z+c+eQ), which is the ratio of the applied current to the total rate of positive charge advection into the prototype. This collapse indicates that the red master curve is a prop- erty intrinsic to the porous medium, which allows prediction of the desalination performance simply from the operating parameters. . . . 61 2-12 A semilog plot of the dimensionless fresh water outlet concentration, ̃ c ̃, as a function of the dimensionless applied current, I, which shows that the desalination performance of the prototype behaves approxi- mately exponential, especially when c ̃ > 0.05, and approximates the ̃ linelogc ̃=−0.619I. ........................... 62 13

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