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2-13 Desalination performance of the SED prototype using different porous media at 10 mM NaCl and an applied flow rate of 76 μL/min plot- ted against the dimensionless applied current. Both porous media are random media made of borosilicate glass and are supplied by the same manufacturer. The only difference in these two materials is the pore size and hence the resulting pore network. The ultra fine material has a pore size of 0.9-1.4 μm, whereas the fine material has a pore size of 4-5.5 μm. We can clearly observe that the desalination performance is very dependent on the pore size and that a smaller pore size performs better.................................... 64 2-14 Water Recovery plotted against the dimensionless current. We can clearly observe that the water recovery increases as the dimensionless current increase, which we hypothesize to be due to electro-osmotic pumping. ................................. 66 2-15 Water Recovery plotted against the newly defined dimensionless cur- rentIˆ= εζI ,whichistheratioofanestimateofthetransverseelectro- μσQ osmotic flow and the applied flow rate. We observe a reasonably good fit of the data by the line R = 0.454 + 0.092Iˆ with χ2reduced = 1.22. . . 68 2-16 Total electric and hydraulic pumping energy required per volume of fresh water for the SED prototype plotted as a function of dimension- less applied current. Energy consumption appears to mostly depend on electrolyte concentration and not very much on other process parameters. 70 2-17 Total electric and hydraulic pumping energy required for the SED pro- totype normalized by the thermodynamic energy requirement [117] plotted as a function of the dimensionless applied current. . . . . . . 71 2-18 Plot of current efficiency of the SED prototype versus the dimensionless applied current. Current efficiency has a tendency to be higher at lower appliedcurrents. ............................. 72 14PDF Image | Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations
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