PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 039
of the initial anion charge concentration in the feed stream. This optimum strikes the balance between facilitating conduction of current through the system (which is difficult at low surface charge) and still being able to get high levels of bulk depletion (which becomes difficult at high surface charges). 1.3.4 Applications of Concentration Shocks Concentration shocks can be used in several contexts [123]. One application that has been explored extensively is chemical and biological preconcentration of molecules and proteins in simple microchannels [63, 62, 108, 54, 53, 59, 57] or focusing of molecules in more complex channels [109], in which over a million-fold increase in biomolecule concentration has been observed. Furthermore, this phenomenon has been used to build microfluidic devices that use non-equilibrium electro-osmotic flow (electro-osmosis of the second kind, in which the total fluid velocity scales with the electric field squared) to pump fluids at higher volumetric flow rates [56]. In addition, Kim et al have also used this phenomenon to create a mixing device, in which the strong electric field gradients create strong vortices [51]. Lastly, one other application of this shock phenomenon is its use in water purification or desalination. This appli- cation was demonstrated by Kim et al [55] in a microfluidic device, which was quite effective in reducing water from a salinity of ∼500mM to <10mM. However, applying this shock phenomenon in a microfluidic device leaves no obvious way to scale up operations. In contrast, using what was explored by Mani and Bazant [67], Deng et al [23] developed a non-continuous copper-deposition system that is composed of a microporous material (glass frit) that interfaces with a nanoporous membrane [7] that was successful in both showing the kind of overlimiting current discussed above and also in reducing the concentration of the copper-based electrolyte in the water by several orders of magnitude. However, latter was only possible when the flow rate of the outlet was slow enough, which is likely due to its geometry. Since the current and flow are applied in the same direction, the flow has to be slower than diffusion in order to avoid pulling water from in front of the shock out of the device (in essence distorting the shock to the point where the shock front is no longer beyond the outlet). 39PDF Image | Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations
PDF Search Title:
Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic CorrelationsOriginal File Name Searched:
Sven_Schlumpberger_thesis.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)