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considering the behavior of electrolytes in the vicinity of charged surfaces. This be- havior can be calculated from the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, which, under varying assumptions, results in the Debye-Hückel and Gouy-Chapman double layer theories. These theories essentially predict that the counter-ion will be more concentrated near the surface, while the co-ions will be less concentrated. While these models perform fairly well for low surface (zeta) potential for simple electrolytes, they have several shortcomings. Aside from breaking down at high zeta potentials, these models also don’t fare well in more complex systems, such as when the surface is coated with a charged polymer in addition to being submerged in a simple electrolyte. Furthermore, these theories also always predict a simple diffuse layer and are not able to predict multi-layer ordering of ions, as is often observed in very concentrated electrolytes or ionic liquids. An attempt to overcome this limitation for ionic liquids was made by Bazant et al [8], who proposed a simple model based on a modified (fourth-order) Poisson equation, which was able to successfully account for multi-layer ordering of ions. 1.5 Objectives of the Dissertation The objectives of this thesis are two-fold. First, this thesis investigates the design and performance of a scalable, continuous shock electrodialysis prototype from an experimental and theoretical viewpoint and then explores the perspective of the shock electrodialysis technology. Second, this thesis explores a simple model for electrostatic correlations in electrolytes and applies this model to two scenarios. Chapter 2 explores the design and experimental performance of the shock elec- trodialysis prototype. Data to characterize the device and to show its desalination performance are presented for a large number of operating conditions and simple scaling laws for the prototype’s behavior are derived. Chapter 3 contains theoretical and numerical models that aim to describe the performance of the shock electrodialysis prototype. A numerical model of the core components of the prototype is developed and experimental data is compared to both 41PDF Image | Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations
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