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Chapter 2 Experimental Investigation of a Scalable and Continuous Shock Electrodialysis Prototype1 2.1 Introduction One of today’s critical global challenges is access to potable water, despite the large amount of water available on the earth’s surface. Unfortunately, less than 1% of this water is potable. Estimates conclude that more than one billion people cur- rently do not have reliable access to clean and safe water [34]. Hence, there is an urgent need for technologies that are able to provide potable water in under-served areas. Unfortunately, with today’s technologies, the purification of nonpotable water is both expensive and infrastructure-intensive. This problem can be seen in many countries that currently supplement their water supply with seawater desalination by large-scale reverse osmosis (RO), or in some cases electrodialysis (ED) [94, 16]. In addition to purifying water for drinking water supply, the ascent of hydraulic frac- turing for shale gas extraction, which produces difficult-to-treat wastewater because of the presence of large amounts of dissolved salts [105, 107, 116], has intensified the 1Large portions of this chapter have been published in and reproduced in part with permission from Schlumpberger et al [92]. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. 43PDF Image | Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations
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