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Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations

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Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations ( shock-electrodialysis-water-purification-and-electrostatic-c )

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Figure 3-2: Anion concentration profile for a current density of 1.5 A/m2, a flow velocity corresponding to an experimental flow rate of 76 μL/min, and an inlet con- centration of 10 mM NaCl. Figure 3-3: Potential profile for a current density of 1.5 A/m2, a flow velocity corre- sponding to an experimental flow rate of 76 μL/min, and an inlet concentration of 10 mM NaCl. 3.3 Simulation Results These equation were implemented using a finite volumes routine provided by a col- league (Raymond Smith). Simulation results for concentration, potential, and pres- sure are shown in Figures 3-2 – 3-10 for various applied currents. Here we used 55 volumes in the y-direction and 75 volumes in the x-direction for simulation (except for the two highest currents for the lowest flow rate for 10 mM NaCl and the five highest currents for 100 mM NaCl, for which the mesh was decreased to 33 x 45 volumes, with little error, due to computation time considerations). The diffusion coefficients used were 1.334 × 10−9 m2/s for Na+, 1.957 × 10−9 m2/s for K+, 2.032 × 10−9 m2/s for Cl−, 1.90 × 10−9 m2/s for NO−, and 1.065 × 10−9 m2/s for SO2− [88, 19]. 34 We can see in these figures that the simulation gives us the largely expected results. At very low currents, we see only a boundary layer form. As we increase the applied current, such that the residence time is long enough to reach Sand’s time, we start observing a shock forming. In the case of the current parameters chosen, 84

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