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3.4.2 Desalination In addition to comparing the IV-curves of theory and experiment, we are also inter- ested in how the theoretically predicted desalination factor compares to experiment. Figure 3-12 shows the comparison of desalination efficacy between the prediction by the boundary layer theory, the prediction via simulation, and the measured experi- mental data for 10 mM NaCl at conditions corresponding to 76 μL/min. The data appears to indicate that the simulation is capable of predicting the experimental data much better. The boundary layer theory seems to always over-estimate the amount of desalination. Furthermore, the boundary layer theory actually has a minimum amount of desalination that it is able to predict. This limitation is due to the as- sumption that the concentration at the cathode-side cation-exchange membrane is zero; which is not necessarily the case at low currents. This assumption is only valid if the average residence time of the fluid in the device is greater than Sand’s time. In fact, under the conditions shown in Figure 3-12, this is not the case for the lowest applied current shown. However, even at higher currents, the boundary layer theory seems to grossly over-predict the experimental data, whereas the simulation results seem to always be as good or better. The simulation results under-predict the data at low currents and over-predict it at higher currents. Overall, the exponential approach to 100% ion-removal seems to be slightly quicker in simulation than experiment. This discrepancy might due to the simplistic treatment of electro-osmotic flow in the sim- ulation. A more complex treatment might be able to better predict the experimental data. Furthermore, Figure 3-13 shows the comparison of the water recovery predicted by both theories and the experimental data. As we can see in this figure, the boundary layer model is unable to predict any change in water recovery, whereas the the simula- tion is able to predict the change in water recovery, albeit not the correct magnitude of the change. This could again be improved via a better treatment of electro-osmotic flow. Figures 3-14 and 3-15 show the same comparison for Na2SO4 instead of NaCl. 89PDF Image | Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations
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