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Porous Medium Type Ultra Fine Stream Desalted Brine Desalted Brine through the porous medium and by looking at the porous medium under a microscope to confirm the presence of cells at the leading edge of the porous medium. While not surprising for the ultra fine porous medium (pore size of about 1 μm vs. a bacterial size of about 2 μm), this observation was slightly more surprising for the fine porous medium, which has a pore size of 4-5.5 μm. In any case, most of the bacteria were filtered and there appeared to be very little difference between the outlet desalted solution and brine solution (especially for the fine porous medium). However, in light of the large amount of filtering done by the porous medium, we would consider these results largely inconclusive with regard to whether it is possible to use the large electric fields in the depleted region for disinfection or redirection of bacteria. Another application that may be of significant interest is the removal of viral particles from the solution. Viral particles will behave like charged nanoparticles (especially bare viruses that do not have an envelope). The only challenge here is that viral particles do not all have the same sign of charge. The sign of charge depends on the virus’s isoelectric point. However, one could envision a system that consists of two stages (see Figure 4-1). The first stage is our prototype using cation exchange membranes with a negatively charged porous medium, which would remove all the negatively charged viral particles (since the depleted zone is on the negative/cathode side of the porous medium). However, the positive viral particles will end up in the depleted stream, as shown using simple positively charged particles by Deng et al [21]. These particles could then in turn be removed by a second stage that consists of anion exchange membranes with a positively charge porous medium, since in this stage the depleted zone would now be on the positive/anode side of the porous medium. The most difficult question to answer in this process is what would happen to enveloped Initial OD 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Final OD 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 Cell Growth No Yes Yes Yes Fine Table 4.1: Disinfection Experimental Results for E. Coli K12 105PDF Image | Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations
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