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Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations

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Shock Electrodialysis for Water Purification and Electrostatic Correlations ( shock-electrodialysis-water-purification-and-electrostatic-c )

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Anolyte Concentrated Virus Stream Catholyte) j Cation Exchange Membrane Negative Frit Shock Cation Exchange Membrane Anode Anode Enriched Depleted Deionized Cathode Anolyte Saltwater Catholyte j Anode Anode Deionized Depleted Enriched Cathode Waste Splitter Less Conc. Virus Stream Shock Fresh Splitter Waste Positive Frit Anion Exchange Membrane Negatively Charged Viruses Positively Charged Viruses Figure 4-1: Diagram of possible process to remove naked viruses. viruses. We would suspect that these will behave more like polarizable particles. For polarizable particles with relatively low conductivity, as long as the maximum possible dielectrophoretic velocity is larger than the shock velocity, they would likely get focused at the shock. Removing these might then require using three-fold splitting in one of the stages of the process, in which the parameters would be tuned such that the shock would exit the middle stream. If these conditions are not met, then they will likely end up in the depleted region, in which case a third process step might be necessary. 4.2.3 Reduction of Energy Requirements While investigating alternative porous media and other applications is important, those investigations will likely be much less meaningful if we are not able to decrease the energy requirements of shock electrodialysis. There are several aspects of the prototype that can be looked at to improve efficiency. The main contributing fac- tors for the current low energy efficiency are like the open electrode channels that likely require a significant potential drop between the electrode and the membrane, the fact that our membrane is relative thick at 127 μm, and the use of meshes as electrodes (despite them being pure Platinum) requiring higher current densities at the electrode. There are likely relatively simple, though not trivial, solutions to these problems, such as adding porous media to the electrode channels and ideally also 106

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