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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Hydrocyclone Hydrocyclones are used to separate solids from liquids based on the density of the materials to be separated. Hydrocyclones normally have a cylindrical section at the top where the liquid is fed tangentially and a conical base (Figure 2). The angle of the conical section determines the performance and separating capability of the hydrocyclone. Hydrocyclones can be made from metal, plastic, or ceramic and have no moving parts. The hydrocyclone has two exits, one at the bottom, called the underflow or reject for the more dense fraction and one, called the overflow or product at the top for the less dense fraction of the original stream [10]. Figure 2. Schematic drawing of a hydrocyclone. Hydrocyclones can be used to separate liquids and solids or liquids of different densities. Hydrocyclones can be used to remove particulates and oil from produced water. Depending on the model of hydrocyclone employed, they can remove particles in the range of 5 to 15 μm [11]. Hydrocyclones will not remove soluble oil and grease components [12]. Hydrocyclones have been used extensively to treat produced water and are marketed by numerous companies for produced water treatment [13, 14]. Hydrocyclones were used to treat fracturing brine in the Barnett Shale play [15]. In this research study, hydrocyclones were used in combination with organo-clays as a pretreatment to reverse osmosis. Hydrocyclones do not require any pre- or post-treatment. They do not require any chemicals or energy. The hydrocyclone is the only piece of equipment necessary. There are no energy requirements unless the plant setup requires a forwarding pump to deliver water to the hydrocyclone. Depending on the size and configuration of the hydrocyclone, a large pressure drop can occur across the hydrocyclone. The waste generated from a hydrocyclone is slurry of concentrated solids. This is the only residual that requires disposal. A summary of the hydrocyclone assessment is provided in Table 3. 10PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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