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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Oxidation Chemical oxidation treatment can be used to remove iron, manganese, sulfur, color, tastes, odor, and synthetic organic chemicals. Chemical oxidation relies on oxidation/reduction reactions, which consist of two half-reactions: the oxidation reaction in which a substance loses or donates electrons, and a reduction reaction in which a substance accepts or gains electrons. Oxidation and reduction reactions will always occur together since free electrons cannot exist in solution and electrons must be conserved [23]. Oxidants commonly used in water treatment applications include chlorine, chlorine dioxide, permanganate, oxygen, and ozone. The appropriate oxidant for a given application depends on many factors including raw water quality, specific contaminants present in the water, and local chemical and power costs [23]. Chemical oxidation is well established, reliable, and requires minimal equipment [24]. Oxidation can be employed to remove organics and some inorganic compounds like iron and manganese from produced water. The removal or oxidation rate may be controlled by applied chemical dose and contact time between oxidants and water. No pretreatment is required for oxidation. Solid separation post-treatment might be required to remove oxidized particles. Chemical metering pumps are required for dosing. Some equipment may be required to generate the oxidant on-site. Chemical costs may be high. A summary of the oxidation assessment is provided in Table 7. Table 7. Oxidation Assessment Criteria Industrial status Feed water quality bins Product water quality Production efficiency (recovery) Infrastructure considerations Energy consumption Chemicals Life cycle O&M considerations Overall costs Pre-and post treatment Concentrate management or waste disposal Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons Description/Rationale Chemical oxidation is well established, reliable, and requires minimal equipment. Used to remove COD, BOD, organic, and some inorganic compounds like iron and manganese. Applicable to all TDS bins, independent of salt type and concentration. Depends on type of oxidant used 100% recovery. Chemical metering equipment is required. Energy usage usually accounts for approximately 18% of the total O&M for oxidation processes. Chemical costs may be high. Critical components of the oxidation process are the chemical metering pumps. Chemical metering equipment can have a life expectancy of 10 years or greater. Periodic calibration and maintenance of chemical meter pumps is required. Capital costs can be near to $0.01/gpd, O&M costs can be approximately $0.05/kgal (>$0.01/bbl) No pretreatment or post-treatment is required for oxidation. No waste is generated from oxidation processes. Back to the list of technologies 16PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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