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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Figure 8. Trailer mounted membrane testing skid used at AQWATEC, CSM (Source: [46]). Table 12. Summary of technical assessment of SWRO. Criteria Description/Rationale Status of technology Mature and robust technology for seawater desalination. Has been employed for produced water treatment. Reports from various producers in the CBM produced water field indicate that many RO pilot studies failed, but this is largely the result of insufficient process integration and poor pretreatment. Feed water quality bins Most applicable for TDS ranging from 20,000 to 47,000 mg/L, and water containing monovalent (Na, Cl), divalent (Mg, Ca, Ba, SO4), multi-valent (Fe*, Mn*) electrolytes, and radionuclides. Also applicable for specific classes of organic compounds Product water quality SWRO permeate quality is dependent on feed water salinity and operating conditions. Typically, product water TDS ranges from 100 to 400 mg/L (>99.4% rejection), ammonia rejection is approximately 80%, boron rejection is typically less than 50% when operating at neutral pH. Recovery Energy use Expected lifetime of critical components Infrastructure considerations Product water recovery is between 30% and 60%. With energy recovery device, SWRO requires 11-16 kWh/kgal (0.46- 0.67 kWh/bbl) of energy to power the system’s high-pressure pumps [47]. Depending on operating conditions, SWRO membranes will require replacement within 3 to 7 years SWRO requires minimal operational footprints compared to thermal desalination technologies, and can be highly automated SWRO skids are highly mobile. Chemical use Scale inhibitor and caustic may be required for process control to prevent scaling or fouling. Chemical cleaning rates depend on feed water quality. Cleaning will typically occur after certain design specifications are exceeded, and may require the use of NaOH, Na4EDTA, HCl, Na2S2O4, or H3PO4 29PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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