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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 13. Summary of technical assessment of BWRO Criteria Expected lifetime of critical components Infrastructure considerations Description/Rationale Depending on operating conditions, BWRO membranes will require replacement within 3 to 7 years. BWRO requires an equivalent footprint when compared to SWRO, and a minimal operational footprint compared to thermal desalination technologies. As with SWRO, BWRO can be automated, and mobile. Chemical use Scale inhibitor and caustic may be required for process control to prevent scaling or fouling. Chemical cleaning rates depend on feed water quality. Cleaning will typically occur after certain design specifications are exceeded, and may require the use of NaOH, Na4EDTA, HCl, Na2S2O4, or H3PO4. O&M considerations Monitoring and control required for feed pH, flow rates as well as vessel pressures. System automation lessens demands on skilled labor, however a skilled technician is required to perform routine system maintenance. Level of flexibility: High sensitivity to organic and inorganic constituents in the feed water. Level of robustness: TFC membranes have high pH tolerance, but cannot be exposed to feed temperatures in excess of 113 °F (45 °C). Level of reliability: BWRO systems operate semi-continuously with automated, short duration chemical rinse or osmotic backwashing. Types of energy required: electricity. Capital and O&M costs Capital costs vary from $0.8 to $4/gpd (or $35 to $170/bpd), depending on various factors including size, materials of construction and site location. Operating costs are approximately $0.70/kgal (or $0.03/bbl). Moderate reductions in energy costs can be obtained by implementing energy recovery subsystems. Pretreatment of feed water All high-pressure membrane technologies require extensive pretreatment to mitigate harmful water quality constituents that will otherwise foul or scale the membrane. Particular attention should be given to hydrophobic organic compounds and sparingly soluble salts. The silt density index (SDI) of the feed stream should not exceed 5. Post-treatment of product water Product water may require pH stabilization or remineralization. This may be achieved by lime bed contacting or by blending small amounts of filtered and sterilized feed water with permeate. Concentrate management or waste disposal No special concentrate treatment is required. Moderate recovery rates of 50% to 85% generate modest amounts of concentrated brine. BWRO operations are commonly located inland and the concentrated brine typically requires deep well injection. Applicability for produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallon Excellent - with appropriate pretreatment technologies. Back to the list of technologies 32PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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