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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 14. Summary of technical assessment of NF Criteria Description/Rationale Infrastructure considerations NF requires an equivalent footprint when compared to BWRO, and a minimal operational footprint compared to thermal desalination technologies. As with other pressure driven processes, NF can be highly automated, and have excellent mobility. O&M considerations Monitoring and control required for feed pH, flow rates as well as vessel pressures. System automation lessens demands on skilled labor, however a skilled technician is required to perform routine system maintenance. Level of flexibility: High sensitivity to organic and inorganic constituents in the feed water. Level of robustness: TFC membranes have high pH tolerance, but cannot be exposed to feed temperatures in excess of 113 °F (45 °C). Level of reliability: NF systems operate semi-continuously with automated, short duration chemical rinse or osmotic backwashing cycles. Types of energy required: electrical. Capital and O&M costs Capital costs vary from $0.8 to $4/gpd (or $35 to $170/bpd), depending on various factors including size, materials of construction and site location. Operating costs are assumed similar to BWRO, approximately $0.70/kgal (or $0.03/bbl). Moderate reductions in energy costs can be obtained by implementing energy recovery subsystems. Pretreatment of feed water All high-pressure membrane technologies require extensive pretreatment to mitigate harmful water quality constituents that will otherwise foul or scale the membrane. Particular attention should be given to hydrophobic organic compounds and sparingly soluble salts. Post-treatment of product water Concentrate management or waste disposal Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallon Product water may require remineralization to restore SAR values. This may be achieved by lime bed contacting or by blending small amounts of filtered and sterilized feedwater with permeate. No special concentrate treatment is required. Relatively high recovery rates of 75% to 90% generate minor amounts of concentrated brine. Back to the list of technologies Applicability for produced water treatment Poor – NF is inappropriate as a standalone technology. NF processes will remove >99% of hardness, and will have substantially lower removal of Na and Cl ions, thus SAR is maximized in the product stream. 34PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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