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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 15. Summary of technical assessment of ED and EDR Criteria Status of technology Feed water quality bins Product water quality Recovery Energy use Chemical use Expected lifetime of critical components Infrastructure considerations Description/Rationale Mature and robust technology for seawater and brackish water desalination and wastewater reclamation. Have been tested for produced water treatment at laboratory-scale. Cost effective to TDS < 8,000 mg/L, and treat all types of water chemistry makeup. Product water quality depends on ED stages, can achieve over 90%. Poor removal of non-charged substances such as organics, silica, boron, and microorganisms. Product water recovery is between 80% and >90%. Energy consumption was in the range of 0.14–0.20 kWh/lb NaCl equivalent removed [57]. Scale inhibitor and acid may be required for process control to prevent scaling. Periodic chemical cleaning is typically conducted using acid, caustic, EDTA, disinfectant, or other antiscaling chemicals. ED membrane lifetime is estimated 4-5 years. No special infrastructure requirement, need housing or shed. O&M considerations Levels of monitoring and control: current, voltage, TDS, pH, flow rates, membrane integrity. High level of skilled labor required; the operation of ED and EDR is more complicated than RO membranes. Level of flexibility: fairly flexible to varying water quality. Level of robustness: modest to withstand harsh conditions. Level of reliable – requires periodic chemical cleaning and maintenance. Types of energy required – electricity. Capital and O&M costs Total costs are site specific and depend on feed water TDS. For CBM produced water treatment (TDS 1000 – 2000 mg/L), costs were estimated to be under $3.6/kgal (15 cents per barrel) for a 0.34 MGD (8,000 bbl/day) treatment train [58]. Pretreatment of feed water Post-treatment of product water Concentrate management or waste disposal Applicability for produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallon Pretreatment requires removal of particles and other scaling and fouling substances through filtration, pH adjustment, and addition of antiscalant. Product water needs remineralization for SAR adjustment, and disinfection. Concentrate needs disposal. Excellent for the produced water application. Back to the list of technologies 37PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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