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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 16. Summary of technical assessment of MD Criteria Description/Rationale Energy use MD is a thermally driven process and therefore it requires some energy input. However, the process only requires a moderate temperature gradient to operate. This allows for the system to function by harvesting waste heat from other processes or onsite compressors, pumps, etc. Chemical use Scale inhibitor and caustic may be required for process control to prevent scaling or fouling. Chemical cleaning rates depend on feed water quality. Cleaning will typically occur after certain design specifications are exceeded, and may require the use of NaOH, Na4EDTA, or HCl. Expected lifetime of critical components Depending on operating conditions, MD membranes are likely to require replacement within 3 to 7 years. Infrastructure considerations MD processes have not enjoyed the same level of intensive research and development as pressure driven processes, as such the membrane modules are not yet optimized. This results in a larger footprint than an equivalent capacity RO or NF system. Because of its larger footprint, MD systems have reduced mobility when compared to pressure driven processes. O&M considerations Monitoring and control required for fluid temperature, flow rates, and membrane integrity. System automation lessens demands on skilled labor, however a skilled technician is required to perform routine system maintenance. Level of flexibility: High sensitivity to surfactants, hydrophobic organic compounds may be difficult to remove from the membrane. Level of robustness: MD membranes, especially PTFE based, are highly resistant to pH, oxidants, and irreversible flux decline. Level of reliability: MD systems operate semi-continuously with short duration chemical rinses. Types of energy required: electrical (if no source of waste heat is available). Capital and O&M costs Pretreatment of feed water Post-treatment of product water Concentrate management or waste disposal Applicability for produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallon Capital costs were estimated for a 1 MGD (24,000 bpd) DCMD plant to be $3.34/gpd (or $0.15/bpd), with operating costs estimated to be $1.40/kgal (or $0.06/bbl) [70]. Removal of any constituents that may wet the hydrophobic, micro- porous pores of the MD membrane is required for efficient process performance. Product water may require remineralization and pH stabilization. This may be achieved by lime bed contacting or by blending small amounts of filtered and sterilized feed water with distillate/condensate. No special concentrate treatment is required. High theoretical water recovery rates approaching 100% generate minor amounts of concentrated brine. Moderate to good - Appropriate pretreatment is required to remove surfactants from the feed stream, and membrane modules are not yet optimized for water treatment in any sector. Back to the list of technologies 41PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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