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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 17. Summary of technical assessment of FO Criteria Expected lifetime of critical components Description/Rationale Depending on operating conditions, FO membranes are likely to require replacement within 3 to 7 years. Chemical use Scale inhibitor and caustic may be required for process control to prevent scaling or fouling. Chemical cleaning rates depend on feed water quality. Cleaning will typically occur after certain design specifications are exceeded, and may require the use of NaOH, Na4EDTA, or HCl. Infrastructure considerations FO processes have not enjoyed the same level of intensive research and development as pressure driven processes, as such the membrane modules are not yet optimized. This results in a larger footprint than an equivalent capacity RO or NF system. Because of its larger footprint, FO systems may have reduced mobility when compared to pressure driven processes. O&M considerations Monitoring and control required for flow rates and membrane integrity. System requires very little oversight, however a skilled technician is required to perform routine system maintenance. Level of flexibility: Extremely flexible technology, with sensitivity to low and high pH streams. Level of robustness: FO membranes are highly resistant to irreversible flux decline. Level of reliability: FO systems operate semi-continuously with short duration physical or chemical cleanings. Types of energy required: electrical (to power low pressure circulation pumps). Capital and O&M costs Pretreatment of feed water Post-treatment of product water Concentrate management or waste disposal Applicability for produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons Capital costs are unknown. A prefilter is required to remove large debris; antiscalant may be required for high recovery operation. Diluted draw solution requires further separation to produces pure water and reconcentrate the draw solution for reuse. No special concentrate treatment is required. Relatively high recovery rates exceeding 96% (for hybrid RO/FO systems) generate very minor amounts of concentrated brine. Moderate to good - FO may provide excellent pretreatment for adjacent processes, but FO membranes are not yet available for commercial installations. Back to the list of technologies 44PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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