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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 18. Summary of technical assessment of dual RO with chemical precipitation Criteria Status of technology Product water quality Recovery Energy use Expected lifetime of critical components Description/Rationale Pilot tested at municipal desalination plants. Not previously employed for CBM produced water treatment. Treatment process permeate quality is dependent on feed water salinity and operating conditions. Pilot studies report 94% rejection of TDS. Product water recovery is estimated to exceed 90%. No data is currently available. No data is currently available. Feed water quality bins TDS application range is 1,000 mg/L and 35,000 mg/L. High removals of monovalent and divalent ions, metals, and organics is expected. System is likely to achieve additional silica removal through co- precipitation. Chemical use Chemical demand of lime (Ca(OH)2) or caustic soda (NaOH) will depend on water chemistry and the quantity of calcium and magnesium targeted for removal. Chemical cleaning rates depend on feed water quality. Cleaning will typically occur after certain design specifications are exceeded, and may require the use of NaOH, Na4EDTA, or HCl. Infrastructure considerations This treatment process will require a substantially larger footprint that conventional RO systems. Chemical storage and sludge dewatering facilities will be required, in addition to a second bank of RO elements. System mobility is reduced compared to conventional RO systems. Filtration system and chemical storage components are the primary factors in limiting mobility. O&M considerations Monitoring and control required for flow rates, chemical dosing, and RO element pressure. System may require substantial oversight to ensure proper operation of the primary RO stage brine management systems. Level of flexibility: May have moderate sensitivity to organic and inorganic constituents in the feed water. Level of robustness: TFC membranes have high pH tolerance, but cannot be exposed to feed temperatures in excess of 113 °F (45 °C). Level of reliability: RO systems operate semi-continuously with automated, short duration chemical rinse or osmotic backwashing cycles. Types of energy required: electrical. Capital and O&M costs Post treatment of product water Costing figures are unknown. Product water may require pH stabilization or remineralization. This may be achieved by lime bed contacting or by blending small amounts of filtered and sterilized feedwater with permeate. Pre-treatment of feed water All high-pressure membrane technologies require extensive pretreatment to mitigate harmful water quality constituents that will otherwise foul or scale the membrane. The feed stream to the second RO stage requires chemical precipitation and filtration prior to contact with the RO membranes. 46PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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