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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Dual RO with softening pretreatment and high pH operation (HEROTM: High Efficiency RO) This patented technology [81] consists of a hardness and alkalinity removal step, a degasification step to remove carbon dioxide, and intermediate caustic addition to increase the pH of the RO feed water. This technology was developed to produce water of exceptionally high purity for the micro-electronics industry. For municipal brackish water, the process combines a two-phase RO process with chemical pretreatment of primary RO, intermediate ion exchange treatment of primary RO concentrate, and high pH operation of secondary RO [82]. The approach is illustrated in Figure 15. The (secondary) RO step operates as a “high-efficiency” system due to ion exchange pretreatment and high pH operation. The concentrate of the primary RO is treated in weakly acidic cationic (WAC) exchange resins. The carbon dioxide from the concentrate is stripped and the pH is increased with caustic to above 10. This allows for the secondary RO to operate at high recoveries. Operating the negatively charged membranes at a high pH is reported to allow better removal of both weakly ionized anions as well as the strongly ionized species. The solubility of silica is increased at high pH, which allows for greater recovery rates when treating water that contains high concentrations of silica. The combined recovery of the process is estimated to be greater than 90% for brackish water, with typical target recovery rates of approximately 95%. Figure 15. Schematic of a dual RO system that incorporates a softening pretreatment and intermediate high pH operation (High Efficiency RO (HEROTM)). The HEROTM system has been utilized to enhance recovery of surface water (Colorado River water) during desalination [79]. Raw water feed characteristics included relatively low feed solution TDS of 950 mg/L, dominated by sodium and SO4 with the presence of other constituents including SiO2, B, Ca, Ba, Mg, and HCO3. Results demonstrated that recoveries of 95% to 98% were achievable with the HEROTM system. A demonstration scale facility at the Arlington Valley Power Station in Arizona was constructed [83]. The facility is designed to treat 2.4 MGD of cooling tower blow down that contains 10,000 mg/L of TDS and is saturated with SiO2. A summary of the technical assessment for a dual RO with chemical precipitation is listed in Table 19. 48PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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