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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 19. Summary of technical assessment of dual RO with softening pretreatment and high pH operation (High Efficiency RO (HEROTM)) Criteria Product water quality Recovery Energy use Expected lifetime of critical components Description/Rationale Treatment process permeate quality is dependent on feed water salinity and operating conditions. Lab-scale studies report 94% rejection of TDS. Product water recovery is estimated to exceed 90%. Energy requirements are estimated to be between 11and 19 kwh/m3 (0.48 to 0.80 kWh/bbl) No data is currently available. Status of technology Technology has undergone lab-scale testing on surface water, and demonstration-scale testing on cooling water blowdown. Variations of this process have been employed by commercial vendors for produced water treatment (e.g., CDM). Feed water quality bins The estimated TDS application range is between 500 mg/L and 10,000 mg/L. Moderately high removals of monovalent and divalent ions, metals, and organics is expected. System is likely to achieve additional silica and boron removal with high pH operation. Chemical use Chemical cleaning rates depend on feed water quality. Cleaning will typically occur after certain design specifications are exceeded, and may require the use of NaOH, Na4EDTA, or HCl. IX process will require regeneration with strong acid, likely H2SO4 or HCl. Infrastructure considerations This treatment process will require a substantially larger footprint that conventional RO systems. Chemical storage and sludge dewatering facilities will be required, in addition to a second bank of RO elements. System mobility is reduced compared to conventional RO systems. Lime softening and IX system along with chemical storage components are the primary factors in limiting mobility. O&M considerations Monitoring and control required for flow rates, chemical dosing, IX resin regeneration, and RO element pressure. System may require moderate oversight to ensure proper operation of the primary RO stage brine management systems. Level of flexibility: May have moderate sensitivity to organic and inorganic constituents in the feed water. IX resin requires regeneration. Level of robustness: TFC membranes have high pH tolerance, but cannot be exposed to feed temperatures in excess of 113 °F (45 °C). Level of reliability: RO and IX systems operate semi-continuously with automated, short duration chemical rinses or osmotic backwashing cycles (for RO). Types of energy required: electrical. Capital and O&M costs Capital costs are estimated to be $4.6/gpd ($195/bpd), while operation and management costs are approximated at $3.5/kgal ($0.14/bbl). Pre-treatment of feed water Process will require coagulation and pre-filtration to remove suspended solids prior to lime softening. Other pretreatment options including antiscalant and acid addition may be required. The feed stream to the second RO stage requires chemical precipitation and filtration prior to contact with the RO membranes. 49PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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