TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

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TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES ( technical-assessment-produced-water-treatment-technologies )

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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Rand Proprietary Mines [86]. A pilot testing of this approach for concentrate treatment tested at the Eastern Water Municipal District in California [87]. Another variation of the seeded slurry approach involves a two-pass process, with the first pass employing a tubular NF system with seeded slurry recycle and the second pass employing a spiral wound RO system [88]. The process was developed for an agricultural drainage water reclamation application and tested at bench scale. The process, known as double pass, preferential precipitation, reverse-osmosis process, or DP3ROTM, is proprietary and in the process of applying for patent. Although the TDS level in the agricultural drainage water is typically between 3,000 to 12,000 mg/L, the recovery of a conventional RO system treating this water is reported to be limited to less than 50%, due to the high levels of calcium sulfate concentrations. The two-pass system is reported to be able to achieve a recovery of 92-96%. The first pass NF uses calcium sulfate seeds in a seeded slurry recycle configuration and provides removal of calcium sulfate and softening in general. The softened water is then treated with RO to meet the irrigation requirements (TDS < 500 mg/L and sodium adsorption ratio < 4.0). Other positive attributes of this technology include increased RO recovery in an agricultural drainage water application. Negative attributes include requirement of tubular NF membranes, larger footprint for tubular membranes, a two-pass system (and associated energy and costs), and additional chemicals. This approach has been tested at bench-scale using drainage water from the Panache Drainage District in California [88]. A summary of the technical assessment for a slurry precipitation and recycling RO system is listed in Table 20. Table 20. Summary of technical assessment of slurry precipitation and recycling RO (SPARRO). Criteria Industrial status Feed water quality bins Product water quality Production efficiency (recovery) Energy consumption Life cycle Description/Rationale Pilot-scale testing on impaired water from a mining operation. No previous utilization for CBM produced water treatment. The estimated TDS application range is between 500 mg/L and 10,000 mg/L. Moderately high removals of monovalent and divalent ions, metals, and organics is expected. Treatment process permeate quality is dependent on feed water salinity and operating conditions. Pilot-scale studies report 94% rejection of TDS. Product water recovery is estimated to exceed 94%. Energy requirements are estimated to at 18.2 kWh/kgal (0.77 kWh/bbl) No data is currently available. Infrastructure considerations This treatment process will require a substantially larger footprint that conventional RO systems. Chemical storage and reaction vessel facilities will be required, in addition to a second bank of RO elements. System mobility is reduced compared to conventional RO systems. Chemicals The system requires a continuous feed of seeding material. Chemical cleaning rates depend on feed water quality. Cleaning will typically occur after certain design specifications are exceeded, and may require the use of NaOH, Na4EDTA, or HCl. 52

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