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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Multi stage flash The multi stage flash (MSF) distillation process is based on the principle of flash evaporation in which water is evaporated by reducing the pressure as opposed to raising the temperature with additional heat/energy. In MSF the heated feed water flows into a stage with lower pressure and immediately boils or flash into steam [94]. The high efficiency of the MSF process is achieved by preheating new feed water through capturing of the heat of condensation in each flash chamber or stage. A simplified schematic of an MSF seawater desalination plant is shown in Figure 18. The incoming seawater passes through the heating stage(s) and is preheated in the heat recovery/condenser sections of each subsequent stage. After passing through the last heat recovery section, and before entering the first stage, the feed water is further heated to the boiling temperature of the first stage in the brine heater using externally supplied energy or steam. This raises the feed water to its highest temperature, after which it is passed through the stages where flashing takes place. The vapor pressure in each of these stages is controlled so that the heated brine enters each chamber at the superheated conditions associated with the temperature and pressure of each stage (each lower than the preceding stage) to induce instantaneous boiling/evaporation [97]. The fresh water is produced by condensation of the steam, which is collected at each stage. The desalinated water produced by the MSF process contains typically 2–10 mg/L TDS, and requires remineralization through post-treatment process [98][99]. The range of recoveries for conventional MSF desalting process is limited to approximately 10-20% for seawater [94]. Figure 18. Simplified schematic of MSF seawater desalination plant (Source: [97]). According to the Global Water Intelligence (GWI) report, MSF had a market share of more than 60% of the worldwide desalination capacity in 2003 and decreased to 34% by the end of 2005 due to the competition of membrane technologies [38]. MSF can be applied to a wide 59PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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