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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition old MED submerged tube evaporators. Falling film evaporators such as vertical tube evaporator (VTE) and the horizontal tube evaporator (HTE) of new MED plants have a number of distinct advantages [96]. They provide higher overall heat transfer coefficients and low specific heat transfer surface area compared to MSF desalination systems. They do not employ recycling; thus they are based on the once through principle and have low requirements for pumping energy. MED process has recently made substantial progress for small thermal desalination plants. According to the GWI report, MED had a market share of 6.9% of the worldwide desalination capacity by 2005 [38]. The largest MED unit was commissioned in Layyah desalination plant in Sharjah (UAE) in 2001. It consists of two MED units each with a capacity of 6 MGD (143,000 bbl per day) [96]. Like MSF, MED can be applied to a wide range of feedwater quality, including produced water. MED also offers the possibility of reducing plant size and footprint. The range of recoveries for conventional MED desalting process is limited to 20-35% for seawater, and 67% for stacked vertical tube design [94]. A summary of the technical assessment of MSF is listed in Table 23. Table 23. Summary of technical assessment of MED. Criteria Industrial status Feed water quality bins Product water quality Production efficiency (recovery) Infrastructure considerations Chemicals Description/Rationale Mature and robust technology for seawater and brackish water desalination. Can be employed for produced water treatment. Applicable to a wide TDS range, and all types of water chemistry makeup. Product water quality for MED plants is typically very high, with little variation due to feed or concentrate salt content. Product water recovery is between 20% and 35% for horizontal and vertical tube design, and 67% for stacked vertical tube design [94]. Infrastructure considerations are similar to MSF, and MED units are of smaller capacity. Scale inhibitor and acid may be required for process control to prevent scaling. Corrosion control is achieved via pH control. Annual cleaning is typically conducted using acid, EDTA, or other antiscaling chemicals. Energy consumption The power consumption of an MED plant is significantly lower than that of an MSF plant, and the performance ratio of the MED plant is higher than MSF plant. The electrical consumption is 11 kWh/kgal (0.48 kWh/bbl) [98]. The power energy consumption of MED is in the range of 31-45 kWh/kgal (1.3-1.9 kWh/bbl) [100]. Life cycle Typically 20 years. Operational experience of the MED plants operating since 1970’s and 1980’s in Middle East revealed that the specified performance has been consistently satisfied and no major problems have been experienced [96]. 63PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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