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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 23. Summary of technical assessment of MED. Criteria Description/Rationale O&M considerations Levels of monitoring and control required for feed pH, flow rates as well as steam and vessel pressures. High level of skilled labor required, however lower than equivalent membrane plants. Level of flexibility: easy to adapt to highly varying water quality; not flexible for varying water flow. Level of robustness: high ability of the equipment to withstand harsh conditions. Level of reliable: typical plants operate continuously, with shutdown only for planned maintenance once per year. Types of energy required: thermal and electricity. Overall costs Because energy consumption of MED is lower than MSF, the overall cost is less than MSF. Capital costs vary from $6–8/gpd (or $250-330 per bpd), depending on various factors including size, materials of construction and site location [98]. As a non-modular form of construction, the economy of scale can reduce the cost for larger plants, assuming ready site access for marine transportation. Operating costs are approximately $2.6/kgal (or $0.11/bbl), and total unit costs are $3.8/kgal (or $0.16/bbl) [98]. Pre-and post treatment Similar to MSF, MED requires less rigorous pretreatment and feed conditioning as compared to membrane treatment. Product water needs stabilization because of the low TDS level. This may be achieved by lime bed contacting or by blending small amounts of filtered and sterilized feedwater with the distillate. Concentrate management or waste disposal No special concentrate treatment is required. Due to the typically low recovery rates of 20-35%, large amounts of concentrate (65-80%) are generated. Good for high TDS produced water treatment. MED often requires centralized design and construction of larger plants. Back to the list of technologies Applicability in produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons 64PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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