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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 27. Summary of technical assessment of FTE®. Criteria Description/Rationale Infrastructure considerations The FTE® process does not require infrastructure or supplies that limit its use. However, the FTE® process has several inherent features that severely limit it application ([104]): The FTE® process requires a climate with a substantial number of days with temperatures below freezing. The FTE® process requires a significant amount of land – 35 acres for a 1,000 bbl facility. The FTE® process requires proper hydro-geologic setting including favorable soil conditions, locations of legal waters and characteristics of near surface aquifers. Energy consumption Chemicals Life cycle Not available. No chemicals Expected 20 years. O&M considerations Low level of monitoring and control. Low level of skilled labor required. High level of flexibility: easy to adapt to highly varying water quality and quantity. High level of robustness. High level of reliability. Types of energy required – electricity. Overall costs The FTE® process economics are strongly application and location specific. In most of Wyoming, a 42,000 gal/day (1,000 bbl/day) facility will require total installed capital costs of $1.75 to 2.0 million for a turnkey operation and annual operating expenses range from $0.031 to 0.042/kgal ($0.75 to $1.00/bbl). Thus, using the FTE® process in most of Wyoming, produced water total amortized produced water treatment costs range from $0.062 to 0.079/kgal ($1.50/bbl to $1.87/bbl): with amortized capital costs range from $0.75/bbl to $0.87/bbl assuming 15% rate of return on capital and 20 year plant life [104]. Pre-and post treatment The FTE process requires minimal pre-treatment of produced water. For example the pretreatment at the Samson Resources facility in the Great Divide Basin of WY is limited to removal of product oil and tank bottoms using two 400 bbl gun-barrel oil-water separators. In CBM applications, pretreatment would not be necessary if product oil is not present in the water. Post-treatment will depend on the product water quality and beneficial use applications or discharge standards. Concentrate management or waste disposal The FTE® process generates waste streams: oil from the oil water separators (if present), and concentrated brine. Currently, the brine is allowed to passively evaporate in evaporation ponds. Long-term plans are to allow the concentrate to evaporate to a solid at the end of the facility operation and dispose of the material in a permitted landfill. Applicability in produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons Excellent for ZLD of produced water, may be limited by land availability and climate conditions. Back to the list of technologies 72PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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