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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 33. Summary of technical assessment of WAIV evaporation ponds. Criteria Industrial status Feed water quality bins Product water quality Production efficiency (recovery) Infrastructure considerations Energy consumption Chemicals Life cycle O&M considerations Pre-and post treatment Concentrate management or waste disposal Description/Rationale Emerging technology, pilot tested in Israel. Have not been used for produced water management. Applicable to high TDS water >20,000 mg/L. Not applicable. Concentrate management technology. All water is evaporated and hence “lost” to atmosphere. Compact and modular system. Due to enhanced evaporation using vertically stacked surfaces, the area requirements are significantly reduced compared to evaporation pond. Area reported to be reduced about 10 times. No data available. Overall, energy consumption would be higher than for evaporation pond since additional pumping energy would be required. Acid for cleaning of the evaporation surfaces. No data available, expected to depend on the projected oil/gas development. No data available. Expected to be greater than for evaporation pond since more pumping, mechanical frames, and evaporation surfaces are used. None except sludge disposal if pond has been designed for periodic sludge removal (hazardous sludge would require proper handling, treatment, and disposal). Pond may be designed for either sludge accumulation throughout life of ponds with capping at the end of useful life, or for periodic sludge removal and disposal. Overall costs No cost information is reported. In general, O&M costs are expected to be higher as compared to evaporation pond, though comparison of capital costs is unknown, except that, aside from the wind parameter, capital costs for WAIV would be location independent while pond costs are highly variable and dependent on location. Applicability in produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons Good candidate for disposal of produced water. More economical and competitive for small flows. Back to the list of technologies 86PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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