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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Commercial Thermal Processes GE: Evaporative produced water treatment and steam generation using MVC evaporators Steam injection is becoming a common method to enhance oil recovery during oil production. Thermal technologies have been used to treat produced water while generating steam for extracting heavy oil. Conventional produced water treatment and steam generation system often includes a warm or hot lime softener followed by a filtration system to reduce silica, calcium, and magnesium concentration in de-oiled produced water (Figure 28). The hardness and iron are further removed through a weak acid cation (WAC) IX process to ensure the sound operation of the steam generator. Once-Through Steam Generators (OTSGs), driven by natural gas, have been used to produce approximately 80% quality steam (80% vapor, 20% liquid) for injection into a well to fluidize the heavy oil [129]. In most cases, the OTSG blowdown is disposed by deep well injection. This stream can also be further concentrated with a ZLD brine concentrator and crystallizer, producing a dry solid for disposal. Some of the OTSG blowdown can be recycled to the softener system, but as the solids are cycled up in the system, the OTSG’s maintenance needs are increased. Figure 28. Conventional produced water treatment and steam generation system (Source: [129]). The more recent Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) method requires 100% quality steam for injection. The use of OTSG for SAGD applications requires a series of vapor- liquid separators to produce the requisite steam quality. As an alternative to traditional produced water treatment and steam generation system, GE developed an evaporative produced water treatment process using mechanical vapor compression (MVC) evaporators for supplying high quality steams to SAGD. The heat transfer coefficient for the vertical-tube, falling-film MVC evaporators is higher than for traditional evaporators, offering improved evaporation efficiency and energy savings. This arrangement, in conjunction with a proprietary brine distribution system, allows evaporation to occur with reduced fouling by keeping surfaces perpetually wetted (Figure 29). By using the MVC system, produced water treatment system is much simplified as shown in Figure 30. 87PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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