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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition The OTSG or drum boiler blowdown can be recycled to the evaporator feed, eliminating the need to dispose of this waste stream without affecting recovered water quality. The evaporator blowdown is disposed via deep well injection or treated further by a crystallizer to eliminate all liquid waste. The crystallizer produces a dry cake material for disposal ([129]). Evaporative produced water treatment was tested in 1999, and was initially used by Japan Canada Oilsands and PetroCanada, respectively. The blowdown from the OTSG steam separators was effectively processed by an evaporator and crystallizer combination in a ZLD system. Today, there are about 16 produced water evaporators operating or under construction in nine plants in Alberta, Canada and other regions ([129]). As compared to the conventional oil produced water treatment, the evaporative produced water treatment exhibits a number of advantages [130]. These include: Evaporators de-couple the produced water system from the boiler feed system, increasing boiler reliability Lower capital, operating, and lifecycle costs compared to traditional method Eliminates traditional produced water treatment systems (WLS or HLS, WAC, etc.) Minimizes softener sludge and other waste streams requiring disposal Minimizes chemical use, cost, storage, and handling May reduce amount of de-oiling equipment Reduces maintenance materials and labor Reduces ZLD system size by 80% (if ZLD is required) Although fouling severity and frequency have been minimal in operating produced water evaporators, there is a risk that severe fouling could limit steam production. The traditional approach eliminates this risk [129]. Due to the high energy-consumption and economical scale of treatment plant, the thermal technologies are more competitive for high TDS water and centralized treatment systems. The technical assessment of the evaporative produced water treatment technology is summarized in Table 34. Table 34. Summary of technical assessment of GE – evaporative produced water treatment using MVC evaporators. Criteria Industrial status Feed water quality bins Product water quality Production efficiency (recovery) Infrastructure considerations Description/Rationale Mature and robust technology. Have been used for oil produced water treatment and steam generation. Applicable to a wide TDS range (<100,000 mg/L TDS), and all types of water chemistry makeup. Product water quality for MVC is high, with little variation due to feed or concentrate salt content [129]. Product water recovery is approximately 98%. 2% blowdown can be disposed via deep well injection or treated by a crystallizer to ZLD. Infrastructure considerations are similar to MSF and MED units. 89PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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