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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 35. Summary of technical assessment of Aqua-Pure MVR Evaporation process. Criteria Infrastructure considerations Energy consumption Life cycle Description/Rationale No special infrastructural requirement as the unit is skid-mounted. The footprint of NOMAD 2000 is 2,500 square feet. Require gas or electricity as power. The energy consumption should be comparable to the pressure distillation methods such as MVC, about 30 kWh/kgal (1.3 kWh/bbl) of product water. Operational energy use is 466 KW for the NOMAD 2000 unit. Typically expected 20 years, although longer life may be expected with the selection of better materials of construction, that is, alloys with high corrosion resistance [93]. Chemicals Flocculants for coagulation and flocculation. Similar to other thermal technologies, scale inhibitor and acid may be required for process control to prevent scaling. Corrosion control is achieved via pH control. Annual cleaning is typically conducted using acid, EDTA, or other antiscaling chemicals. O&M considerations Low level of monitoring and control required for feed pH, flow rates as well as steam and vessel pressures. High level of skilled labor required to operate MVR evaporators. High level of flexibility: easy to adapt to highly varying water quality and quantity. High level of robustness: high ability of the equipment to withstand harsh conditions. High level of reliability: scale removal requires a two-man crew in one or two work shifts, less than with a traditional MVR evaporator. Types of energy required – Gas or electricity. Overall costs According to Devons, the cost to treat frac water is $79.6/kgal ($3.35/bbl), about 68% more than the $47.6/kgal ($2/bbl) cost if post-fracing water is simply disposed of [133]. Devon has continued to study the Aqua-Pure process for its potential payoffs in the future, both in the Barnett Shale region and elsewhere. They are gaining valuable experience with the technology and can work on improving its efficiency and lowering the cost (Source: John Veil, Argonne National Lab). In the Barnett Shale region, natural gas is plentiful, and can be readily obtained as a fuel source to operate the technology. In other applications, such as treating produced water from oil wells, natural gas may not be an affordable energy source (Source: John Veil, Argonne National Lab). Pre-and post treatment Require pre-treatment to remove suspended solids and organic matter. Product water needs remineralization because of the low TDS level. This may be achieved by lime bed contacting or by blending small amounts of filtered and sterilized feedwater with the distillate. Post-treatment may also include carbon adsorption or oxidation if organic substances are present in product water. Concentrate management or waste disposal Applicability in produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons Solids collected in the separator need a filter press for dewatering and disposal. The brine stream needs transported off the well site and then injected into a disposal well or evaporated/stored in large ponds. Good candidate technology for produced water with high TDS and near ZLD disposal, more applicable to centralized system and large flow rate. Back to the list of technologies 94PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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