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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Commercial IX Processes EMIT: Higgins Loop EMIT Higgins Loop technology is the most widely utilized IX process for CBM produced water treatment. EMIT currently has 18 operating treatment units in Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado. 17 of the operating treatment units are located in the Powder River Basin, while one system is located in the southern most area of the Greater Green River Basin [143]. These treatment units have a reported treatment capacity of 336,000 to 1,176,000 gpd (8,000-28,000 bpd) [144]. The Higgins Loop operates as a continuous countercurrent ion exchange contactor for liquid phase separations of ionic components, primarily sodium. The unique aspect of the Higgins Loop is that it performs resin regeneration continuously during the process, with minimal need for system downtime during regeneration. The IX contactor consists of a vertical cylindrical loop that contains a packed bed of resin separated into four operating zones by butterfly or "loop" valves. These operating zones are illustrated in Figure 38, and include pulsing (‘A’), regeneration (‘B’), adsorption (‘C’), and backwashing zone (‘D’). Each zone functions as a separate vessel. Figure 38. Schematic of the EMIT Higgins Loop IX contactor. Process diagram shows flow during normal operation (ion exchange service) and during resin regeneration (resin pulsing). Produced water containing high concentration of sodium is fed into the adsorption zone of the Higgins Loop. There, it contacts strong acid cation resin, which accepts Na and other cations in exchange for hydrogen ions. Data from field trials indicates sodium removal of 97% [45]. In the lower section of the Higgins Loop, resin saturated with sodium is regenerated with a 4.11 M HCl solution (representing 1-10% of the treated volume) [143, 144]. This generates a small to moderate concentrated NaCl brine stream, which is typically disposed of by Class I or II deep injection wells. Regenerated resin is rinsed with water prior to reentry into the adsorption zone to remove acid from its pores. As resin in the upper layer of the adsorption zone becomes 106PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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