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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 40. Summary of technical assessment of EMIT Higgins Loop IX process. Criteria Infrastructure considerations Energy consumption Life cycle Description/Rationale This treatment process has operational footprint that varies from 220 ft2 to 450 ft2. System is reported to be skid based, and highly mobile. Energy requirements are estimated at 4.96 to 12.4 kWh/kgal (0.21 to 0.52 kWh/bbl). Strong acid cation exchange resins may perform for 10 to 15 years [114]. Chemicals Chemical cleaning rates depend on feed water quality and IX resin adsorptive capacity. Resin regeneration will typically occur after certain product water quality specifications are exceeded. The regenerant solution is composed of 4.11 M HCl. Additional chemical disinfection may be required to mitigate biofouling and will typically consist of H2O2 or NaOCl cleaning solutions. O&M considerations Monitoring and control required for flow rates, product water quality and resin regeneration. System will likely require minimal supervisory oversight. Level of flexibility: Low flexibility for treating feed water with alternative dominant feed solute or high organic loading. Level of robustness: IX processes are highly sensitive to fouling from organic materials and suspended solids. Care should be exercised to limit exposure of IX resin to oxidized metals and sparingly soluble mineral salts. Acid cation resins should not be exposed to feed temperatures in excess of 120 °C. Level of reliability: The Higgins Loop operates with an automated, short duration resin pulsing cycle to maintain IX resin productivity. Types of energy required: electrical. Overall costs Concentrate management or waste disposal Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons Capital costs are unknown. Operations cost are most influenced by the market cost of HCl acid. The spent resin regeneration solution will require neutralization. Relatively high recovery rates exceeding 99% generate very minor amounts of concentrated brine. Back to the list of technologies Pre-and post treatment Process will require pretreatment options including suspended solids, oxidized metals, and scaling mineral removal. Product water may require pH stabilization or remineralization. This may be achieved by lime bed contacting or by blending small amounts of filtered and sterilized feedwater with product water. The concentrated feed stream may require additional post treatment or disposal consideration. Current practice is disposal by Class I or II injection wells. Applicability for produced water treatment Excellent – Treatment well suited for specific feed water constituents (primarily NaHCO3), and widely utilized in the Powder River Basin. Process requires substantial chemical input in the form of IX resin regenerant, and is best suited for centralized treatment in areas with good transportation infrastructure. 108PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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