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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Drake: continuous selective IX process Drake Water Technologies, LLC is a Montana based company that has developed a patented IX process with minimal waste production [146]. The Drake system is designed to perform targeted removal of monovalent cations, especially sodium for SAR reduction, and is designed as a three-phase, continuous fluidized bed system. Though it is not recorded explicitly, it is likely that the Drake system utilizes a strong acid cation exchange resin. A system schematic is shown in Figure 40. System design includes a continuous circuit for dosing (22), loading (42 – fluidized bed rector), separating (16), and regenerating (14) the ion exchange media. The system’s primary patent claim is that it moderates resin and feed solution contact time by rotary valves (18 and 20) to reduce exchange of divalent ions. Figure 40. Drake: continuous selective IX process. Schematic taken from US patent [146]. The Drake system is in its third stage of pilot testing at a Willow Creek installation near Gillette, Wyoming in the Powder River Basin [147]. The third-generation Drake IX system is designed to treat 361,000 gpd (8,600 bpd) [144]. Pilot testing was conducted on a feed water with approximately 1,000 mg/L TDS; however, the process may be capable of treating water with marginally higher salinity. Recent pilot testing results indicate a sodium removal of 93%. System recovery is reported to be greater than 97% [147]. System reject is composed of highly concentrated Na2SO4, which may be dried and further concentrated in evaporation ponds to produce a commercial grade Na2SO4. A Drake IX system is estimated to require two acres of surface area, which includes a one acre Na2SO4 collection impoundment [144]. The system may be deployed as small, modular shed that is capable of being towed on a trailer. In addition to a standard IX system, this process also 109PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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