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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition The product literature makes little mention of system mobility; however, it is possible that the entire system could fit in several cargo trailers. No data is provided on the system footprint or energy consumption. The MutlifloTM pretreatment component requires significant chemical input in the form of acids (possibly HCl or H2SO4), coagulants (potential chemicals include Fe2(SO4)3 and Alum), alkali compounds (likely Ca(OH)2), and polymer aids (candidates include polyDADMAC or PAC) [110]. Additional chemical demand is created by the IX regenerant solution that may require both acid and base regenerants, as well as base chemicals required to increase the pH of the RO feed water. OPUSTM literature does not present a life cycle assessment of the system; however, BWRO membranes are known to have a 3 to 7 year lifespan and IX resin typically requires replacement after 5 to 10 years [36, 114]. The OPUSTM system likely requires substantial process automation and control. Moderate operator oversight may be required, especially for management of the MultifloTM pretreatment system. OPUSTM represents a highly flexible and robust treatment process and can operate with highly variable feed water quality. With proper management the system likely requires minimal down time and maintenance. Cost figures related to capital, and operating costs are not reported. The system generates concentrated brine and IX regenerant that require disposal and may require chemical stabilization. Sludge is generated during the pretreatment process and requires disposal in landfills. A technical assessment of the Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies: OPUSTM – optimized pretreatment and separation technology is summarized in Table 44. Table 44. Summary of technical assessment for Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies: OPUSTM – optimized pretreatment and separation technology. Criteria Industrial status Production efficiency (recovery) Energy consumption Description/Rationale System has undergone field trials at a steam-enhanced oil production field in San Ardo, CA. Product water recovery is estimated to exceed 90%. Energy requirements are unknown. Feed water quality bins The estimated TDS application range is between 500 mg/L and 10,000 mg/L. High removals of monovalent and divalent ions, metals, and organics is expected. System is likely to achieve additional silica and boron removal with high pH operation. Product water quality Treatment process permeate quality is dependent on feed water salinity and operating conditions. Product literature reports >99% rejection of TDS and most multivalent solutes. System is likely to achieve >94% removal of Na based on typical BWRO performance. Infrastructure considerations This treatment process will require a substantially larger footprint that conventional RO or IX systems. Substantial chemical storage and sludge dewatering facilities will be required. System mobility is reduced compared to conventional RO systems. MutlifloTM pretreatment process along with chemical storage components is the primary factors in limiting mobility. 120PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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