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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 46. Summary of technical assessment of VSEP® process. Criteria Industrial status Feed water quality bins Product water quality Production efficiency (recovery) Energy consumption Chemicals Life cycle Description/Rationale Full-scale application for produced water treatment (offshore and onshore) Applicable to TDS <30,000 mg/L, and a broad variety of water chemistry makeup. Similar to other membrane technology, product water quality depends on the molecular cut-off of the membrane. High water quality can be expected by using RO membranes. Product water recovery is between 70 and 90%, depending on feed water quality. The energy consumption is low, and reported 0.27 kWh/kgal of product water [157]. No chemical requirement for pretreatment. Chemicals are required for membrane cleaning. As an emerging technology, no life cycle is reported. Due to high sheer force, shorter membrane lifetime may be expected as compared to conventional membranes. Infrastructure considerations Require up to 17’ in ceiling clearance. The VSEP® units are vertical and compact. The footprint of a 2000 SF of membrane unit is 4’x4’, and can be installed into a container with a volume of about 15 Cubic Feet. Require gas or electricity as power. O&M considerations High level of monitoring and control required. High level of skilled labor required to operate VSEP® process. High level of flexibility: easy to adapt to highly varying water quality and quantity. The level of robustness and reliability need to be demonstrated through long- term operation. Types of energy required: electricity. Overall costs The capital and construction costs of VSEP® are site specific. For produced water/bilge water treatment, the VSEP® system power consumption is estimated $0.31/kgal (based on 0.05 $/kWh electricity cost); the system maintenance & cleaning is about $0.37/kgal [157]. Pre-and post treatment No or minimal pre-treatment such as settling, prescreen, or cartridge filtration to remove suspended solids and organic matter. Depending on product water quality, remineralization or blending may be required. Concentrate management or waste disposal Applicability in produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons The brine stream needs transported off the well site and disposal. Excellent technology for the produced water application, may not be economical for CBM water application due to high energy consumption and less solids in water. Back to the list of technologies 125PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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