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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Eco-Sphere: OzonixTM Eco-Sphere has developed a semi-truck trailer-mounted, advanced oxidation system that is primarily marketed for the treatment and reuse of frac flow-back water, but may have merit for oil and gas produced water treatment. The packaged system first employs settling tanks and a large mesh particle filter to screen out particles and large suspended solids, respectively. Decanted feed water is then pumped into a reaction vessel and is flash mixed with supersaturated ozonated water. The ozone is decomposed into hydroxyl radicals by ultrasonic transducers, which readily oxidizes metals, decomposes soluble and insoluble organic compounds and microorganisms. Ultrasonic transducers also induce cavitations among the dissolved ozone bubbles, which act to induce shearing of larger particles and decreases particle flotation times. The reaction vessel also employs two electrodes to facilitate precipitation of hard salts from the influent. Aluminum sulfate is then dosed into the solution to facilitate particle coagulation. The ozonated, coagulated water is then passed through a centrifuge to remove all oxidized material. Activated carbon cartridge filter are then utilized to remove any remaining organic compounds or suspended solids from the solution. RO membranes are employed as a final step to remove monovalent and divalent inorganic solutes [159, 160]. A proof-of-concept pilot study was conducted with the OzonixTM system in the Woodford Shale Play in November of 2008 [160]. Newfield Exploration Mid-Continent, Inc. tested the process on frac flowback water from a field near Coalgate, OK. The frac flowback water was characterized as having an influent TDS of 14,000 mg/L (dominated by chloride, sodium, and potassium), TSS constituting of 65 mg/L, TOC of 65 mg/L, total oil and grease of 14 mg/L, barium concentration of 35 mg/L, total BTEX of 38 μg/L, and radionuclide counts (reported as gross alpha) of 264 pCi/L. The system was housed in a large mobile trailer and was used to treat 100 bph (4,200 gph) of frac flowback water for 12-14 hours per day for two weeks. A third party consultant group was hired to provide quality assurance and quality control for the study. A 220 kW electrical energy generator was utilized to power the system during field trials. Assuming a 13-hour workday, this equates to 2,860 kWh of energy consumed to treat 1,300 bbl (54.6 kgal) of water. Based on these calculations, the specific energy consumption per bbl of water treated is 2.2 kWh/bbl (52 kWh/kgal). The manufacturer claims that purified water recovery may exceed 75%, and only 1% of the initial bulk volume needing disposal. The resulting waste stream is likely disposed of in class I or II injection wells. No mention is made of solids disposal issues related to the initial solids separation and centrifuge processes. Chemical requirements are reported to include aluminum sulfate and antiscalant. The pilot system required three people to operate; however, the manufacturer estimates that only two operators would be required with further process automation. A technical assessment of the Ozonix treatment process is summarized in Table 47. Table 47. Summary of technical assessment for Eco-Sphere: OzonixTM process. Criteria Industrial status Feed water quality bins Product water quality Description/Rationale Pilot scale study with frac water flowback in the Woodford Shale Play of eastern Oklahoma. System piloted for 2 weeks and treated 4,200 gph (100 pbd). System was tested with highly challenging feed water. TDS of 14,000 mg/L, presence of dispersed oils, over 1,000 mg/L of total hardness, and presence of barium. Pilot study reports 99.1% TDS rejection, and 97% removal of BTEX compounds. 126PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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