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RPSEA Project 07122-12 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 1st Edition Table 49. Summary of technical assessment of Sal-ProcTM process. Criteria Industrial status Feed water quality bins Product water quality Production efficiency (recovery) Energy consumption Chemicals Life cycle Description/Rationale Full-scale application for produced water treatment in Queensland, Australia. System produces 21,600 tons of saleable chemicals per year [165]. Applicable to TDS >7,500 mg/L. As recovery is pushed towards zero liquid discharge (100%) the product water will become difficult to recover for beneficial use and of low quality. Theoretical recovery is 100%. The energy consumption is currently unknown. Chemicals may be required for pretreatment. SARO systems will likely require antiscalants. Chemical reagents, particularly Ca(OH)2, required to facilitate chemical crystallization create significant chemical demand. As an emerging technology, life cycle information is not yet available. Infrastructure considerations Operational footprint may be relatively large to accommodate for chemical reagent and product chemical storage, as well as cleaning chemical storage. Individual Sal-ProcTM units may require a relatively low footprint equivalent to a cargo container. O&M considerations High level of monitoring and control required. High level of skilled labor required to operate Sal-ProcTM process. High level of flexibility: easy to adapt to highly varying water quality and quantity. Highly robust process. Reliability needs to be demonstrated through long-term operation. Types of energy required: electrical. Overall costs The capital and construction costs of Sal-ProcTM systems are site specific. Cost estimates for capital cost of this process are $2.3/gpd to $22.1/gpd ($96/bpd to $928/bpd), and operations and management cost are roughly $3.9/kgal to $13.9/kgal ($0.16/bbl to $0.58/bbl). Pre-and post treatment No or minimal pre-treatment such as settling, prescreen, or cartridge filtration to remove suspended solids and organic matter. Salts may be selectively removed from the feed solution to produce water quality suitable for surface discharge. Concentrate management or waste disposal Applicability for produced water treatment Note: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons Any remaining brine stream will require disposal through injection. Excellent – Capable of near zero liquid discharge operation, and may produce a marketable salt from the concentrated brine. Large chemical demand may limit application to centralized treatment facilities. Back to the list of technologies 132PDF Image | TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES
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