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Polymers 2019, 11, 2000 10 of 21 Related to the ICP-OES data, the enhanced loading and adhesion of the Ag-rGO composites was investigated via the SPR band profiles after 12 equivalent standard washing cycles (due to sample physical damage, while further wash cycles were not conducted). Figure 3 shows that both AgNP and Ag-rGO samples still displayed strong SPR bands even though, seemingly, the use of rGO was absent. More silver leached from the substrate than when rGO was used concurrently. This, indicates that AgNP are still present in substrates after serial washing, which indicates wash-fastness to laundering of samples. Raman spectra of the impregnated substrates, as well as spectra of the GO and rGO solid Polymers 2019, 11, 2000 10 of 21 precipitates are shown in Figure 4. The GO and rGO precipitate samples (i.e., standalone and not impregnated within the fabric) displayed the characteristic D (≈1350 cm−1) and G (≈1590 cm−1) bands impregnated within the fabric) displayed the characteristic D (≈1350 cm−1) and G (≈1590 cm−1) bands of graphitic materials. The D band is related to defects in the graphitic structure (i.e., sp3-bound of graphitic materials. The D band is related to defects in the graphitic structure (i.e., sp3-bound carbons) and the G band signals C=C stretching vibrations of graphitic sp2-carbons. The intensity ratio carbons) and the G band signals C=C stretching vibrations of graphitic sp2-carbons. The intensity of D to G bands (ID/IG) is used to indicate the degree of the disorder such as defects, ripples, and edges. ratio of D to G bands (ID/IG) is used to indicate the degree of the disorder such as defects, ripples, and In this case, the I /I was ~0.98 for GO and ~1.23 for rGO. The increased ratio is due to a decrease in DG edges. In this case, the ID/IG was ~0.98 for GO and ~1.23 for rGO. The increased ratio is due to a the sp2 domain as a2 result of the reduced size of GO sheets after chemical reduction, which is driven decreaseinthesp domainasaresultofthereducedsizeofGOsheetsafterchemicalreduction,which by the defects created after removal of oxygen functional groups (e.g., epoxides, the predominant is driven by the defects created after removal of oxygen functional groups (e.g., epoxides, the formation of ketone and carboxylic acid functionalities on the edges of GO sheets, and the restoration predominant formation of ketone and carboxylic acid functionalities on the edges of GO sheets, and of the graphitic sp2 network) [118–2120]. the restoration of the graphitic sp network) [118–120]. FiFgiugruere4.4. CCoolllaltaetdedRaRmaamnan(a)(a)ndanAdTRA-FTTRI-RFT(IbR) s(pbe)ctsrpaeocftria) AofgN(iP), Aii)gNrGPO, ,(iai)ndrGiiOi),Aagn-drGO(ii-i) Agim-rpGrOeg-nimatpedregpnoaltyevdiscposleyvnisocno-sweonvoen-wfaobvriecn, faatbraics,uartfaacesutrefactmeetrnetatNmaeBnHt4N(aqa)BrHeducingredaugceintg 4(aq) agceontcceonntrcaetniotrnatoiofn20o0f 2m00mmolm, aocl,qauciqreudireudnduenrdaemr abmiebnitencot ncodnitdioitnios,nbs,obthothbebfoefroereanadndafatfetrerlalauunnddereirningg dudruarbaibliitlyitytetsetsintigng(i(.ei..e,.p, poosts-tw-waashsh(P(PW)).). FoFroarlallslislvilevre-rc-oconntataininininggfafabbrricicssaamplles,,andmost of the rGO containiingsamplleess,,ttwooinintetennsese −1 ovoevrelarlpapipnigngRaRmamananbabnadnsdsaraereobosbesrevrvededatat~~11332255––1133555aand~1560–1590cm−1,,aannddaarereaaggaainin,,aatttrtirbibuutetded totothteheDDanadndGG-b-abnadnds,s,rersepspeectcitviveelyly. .However,, tthe relative weakness of the bandssfforrrrGOssaamppleless indicates that the amount of impregnated/coated material is insufficient for a strong signal. However, silver-containing samples display a large signal enhancement, which is due to AgNP hot spots, i.e., it is a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) effect, and serves to mask most other signals [121–123]. The non-uniform enhancement of the respective Raman bands is a feature of SERS and makes it difficult to extract further ID/IG data. In addition, to the main D and G bands, a sharp, clear −1 band is also observed at ~1720–1730 cm for most samples and is mainly due to the asynchronousPDF Image | Antimicrobial from Silver-Graphene Coated Medical Textiles
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