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Molecules 2020, 25, 3191 14 of 24 concentration of 50 μg/mL, which was higher than in the case of ascorbic acid standard (49.6%). Analogically, they found higher total antioxidant activity of AgNPs compared to the standard. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of the studied AgNPs (72.5 %) was also higher than standard (56.4%). The authors explained the results based on the hypothesis that in the presence of H2O2 the dispersed nanoparticles may induce the formation of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide inside a cell. Then AgNPs yield greater amounts of hydrogen peroxide and induce inflammasome formation leading to the production of superoxide and H2O2 in the mitochondria’s membrane [155]. Nitric oxide assay also showed a significant activity of AgNPs (60.1%) being higher than that of L-ascorbic acid (41.2%). Ferric reducing power of AgNPs was lower than that of ascorbic acid standard and was higher at lower concentrations of AgNPs. These findings make the silver nanoparticles useful for neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, or AIDS treatment [155,162]. Figure 3. (A) DPPH assay, (B) total antioxidant activity, (C) H2O2 scavenging activity, (D) nitric oxide scavenging activity, (E) ferric reducing power assay of S. violaceus MM72 exopolysaccharide-mediated AgNPs with their respective standards. The data represent mean ± SD of the three replicates (n = 3) [155], copyright permission by Elsevier. Similar results were published by Shahid et al. [154] who determined antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles prepared by exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus brevis. The focus was on nitric oxide, DPPH, and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity. The authors observed excellent nitric oxide scavenging activity of AgNPs in a concentration-dependent manner, but the activity was in general lower than that of ascorbic acid standard. At concentration of 100 μg·mL−1 they determined the activity to be 75.06 ± 0.4%, whereas for ascorbic acid, it was 91.1 ± 1.5%. Hydrogen peroxide and DPPH scavenging activity of AgNPs was also compared with ascorbic acid. On the contrary to NOx assay, the ability to scavenge both free radicals of silver nanoparticles was higher than that of the standard used. Namely, for AgNPs with concentration of 100 μg·mL−1 the activity of H2O2 scavenging was 70.1 ± 0.6% and in the case of DPPH assay it was 91.3 ± 0.7%. The ascorbic acid standard showed 55.0 ± 0.7% activity for hydrogen peroxide technique and 81.4 ± 1.2% for DPPH radical scavenging activity [154]. The free radical scavenging activity of Teucrium polium extract, and of AgNPs produced chemically and by green synthesis was studied by DPPH and FRAP assays in [163]. The results show that thePDF Image | Antioxidant Activity Determination of Silver Nanoparticles
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