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displayed good antioxidant activity. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were efficacious for Gram negative bacteria than for Gram positive ones and antibacterial activity of curcumin was alleviated in pres- ence of AgNP for use as hydro gel [42]. Petr Paril et al. investigated the antifungal effects of cop- per and silver NPs against wood- rotting fungi. Nanosilver treatment exhibited very low mass loss and high effi- ciency against T. versicolor fungi in comparison to Poria placenta decaying [43]. Mugade et al. synthesized mannan sulphate capped silver nanoparticles, which appear a promising topical agent with increased wound healing properties due to faster uptake of mannose receptor and increase site specific delivery. These stable MS-AgNPs exhibited enhanced cytocompatibility, targeting potential and cellular uptake in murine macrophages, human skin fibroblasts and human keratinocytes [44]. Yamada et al. immobilized silver nanoparticles on the sur- face of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and tested for anti- bacterial activity against S. aureus, S. mutans, E. coli and A. actinomycetemcomitans, which were found to be con- centration dependent on AgNPs whereas excellent anti- microbial activity against E. coli was observed and no cytotoxic effects on L929 cells were detected at coating concentrations below 2.5 mM. Further, AgNP-coated YSZ can be potentially used to control dental caries and peri- odontal disease [45]. Azizi et al. developed a novel nano-composite with the aim of making specific targeting of silver nano particles as a drug for tumour cells and developing new anticancer agents. Albumin coated silver nanoparticles (ASNPs) were synthesized, and their anti-cancerous effects were eval- uated against MDA-MB 231, a human breast cancer cell line. The morphological changes of the cells were observed by inverted, florescent microscopy and also by DNA ladder pattern on gel electrophoresis revealing that the cell death process occurred through the apoptosis mechanism. It was found that ASNPs with a size of 90 nm and negatively charged with a zeta-potential of about 20mV could be specifically taken up by tumour cells. The LD50 of ASNPs against MDA-MB 231 (5lM) was found to be 30 times higher than that for white normal blood cells (152lM) suggesting ASNPs as a good candi- date as chemotherapeutic drug [46]. Sobral-Filho et al. produced fine-tuned gold and silver nanoshells via an entirely reformulated synthesis which yielded ultra monodisperse samples, with polydispersity indexes (PI) as low as 0.02. A library of nanoshell samples with localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) span- ning across the visible range was synthesized. A cell labelling experiment, targeting different subcellular com- partments in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, exhibited that the monodisperse nanoparticles could be used as a multiplex platform for single cell analysis at the intracellu- lar and extracellular level. Antibody-coated gold nano- shells targeted the plasma membrane, while silver nanoshells coated with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) targeted the nuclear membrane. A fluorescence counter-staining experiment displayed the excellent selectivity and specificity of each type of nanoparticle for its designed subcellular compartment. A time-lapse pho- todegradation experiment affirmed the improved stability of the nanoshells over fluorescent labelling and their potential for long-term live cell imaging [47]. Dojcilovic et al. studied the interaction of the tryptophan functionalized Ag nanoparticles and live Candida albicans cells by synchrotron excitation deep-ultraviolet (DUV) fluorescence imaging at the DISCO beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL. DUV imaging showed that incuba- tion of the fungus with functionalized nanoparticles resulted in significant increase in the fluorescence signal. The analysis of the images disclosed that the interaction of the nano particles with (pseudo) hyphae polymorphs of the diploid fungus was less prominent than in the case of yeast cells or budding spores. The results of time- integrated emission in the mentioned spectral ranges suggested that the nanoparticles infiltrate the cells, and majority of the nanoparticles adhere to the surface of cell [48]. Rajabnia and Meshkini investigated the effect of different concentrations of adenosine 50-triphosphate (ATP) as a stabilizing agent on the physicochemical and biological behaviour of AgNPs. Cellular viability studies in osteosar- coma cells (Saos-2), breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D), and leukaemia cells (K562) suggested that ATP-capped silver nanoparticles (ATP@AgNPs) possess high-antitumor efficacy compared with the naked ones. Moreover, the cytotoxicity induced by ATP@AgNPs proceeds from the perturbation of intracellular oxidative status, leading to the induction of apoptosis [49]. Wildt et al. introduced a novel technique, nanoparticle associated cytotoxicity microscopy analysis (NACMA), which integrates fluorescence microscopy detection using ethidium homodimer-1, a cell permeability marker that binds to DNA after a cell membrane is compromised (a classical dead-cell indicator dye), with live cell time-lapse microscopy and image analysis to concomitantly enquire silver nanoparticle accumulation and cytotoxicity in L-929 fibroblast cells. Studies conducted on 10, 50, 100 and 200 nm silver nanoparticles disclosed size dependent cytotoxicity with particularly high cytotoxicity from 10 nm particles. In addition, NACMA results, when combined with transmission electron microscopy imaging, reveal direct affirmation of intracellular silver ion dissolution and possible nanoparticle reformation within cells for all silver nanoparticle sizes [50]. Swanner et al. focussed on determining the properties of the nano material that are important to retain or enhance Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) selective response. The increased sensitivity of TNBC cells as compared to non-cancerous cells was found to be independent of nanoparticle size, and TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, BT- 549, SUM-159) were more sensitive to AgNP exposure than luminal A (MCF-7) or non-cancerous breast (MCF- 10A, 184B5). Remarkably, AgNP treatment significantly slowed TNBC tumour growth in vivo with no apparent systemic toxicity. 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