PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 008
Molecules 2020, 25, 2023 8 of 14 composed of the cytoplasmic membrane, the periplasm with a thin peptidoglycan layer, and the outer membrane. In C. albicans the major components of the cell wall are fibrillar polysaccharides and proteins, with an inner layer enriched for chitin and polysaccharide matrix and outer layers enriched for mannoprotein. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanoparticles was determined. MIC of PchNPs were 3.0 × 10−2 nM against E. coli and C. albicans. Both microorganisms tested were more sensitive to the PchNPs than to AgNO3 solution (MIC 7.8 μM). Then, interaction assays between microorganisms and silver nanoparticles were carried out using confocal Raman microscopy. Changes in cellular composition can be monitored using changes in Raman band profiles, which can be associated with the morphological changes of microbial cells, providing an image of the antimicrobial effect [24]. Recent reports have shown that Raman difference spectroscopy is able to provide molecular details on changes within E. coli cells caused by antibiotics, hydrogen peroxide [20,25] or graphene oxide [19]. In this work, the interaction of PchNPs with E. coli caused a decrease in the intensity of most Raman bands, while other remain the same (Table 1). The significant decrease in fatty acid Raman bands of E. coli cells could be associated to the loss of the cell membrane integrity after the PchNPs treatment, as observed in ESEM and TEM images (Figures 7 and 8, respectively). In the case of the interaction with C. albicans, all bands of the Raman spectrum decreased in intensity. In addition, hyperspectral images were obtained in order to visualize the main characteristics of the interaction between the PchNPs and the microorganisms (see Figure 9). These images were obtained from the combination of the bands corresponding to the C-H stretching of the microorganisms and the bands corresponding to the Ag-N stretching of the PchNPs (Raman spectra are shown in Suplementary Materials, Figures S1 and S2). As shown in Figure 9a, the hyperspectral image shows PchNP interaction with an E. coli cell, providing structural information, which is comparable, and complementary to that obtained from the TEM and ESEM images. Table 1. Raman band assignment of microbial cells, control and treated cells with PchNPs. The band assignment was made based on previous work [26]. Microorganism E. coli C. albicans Raman Shift (cm−1) 624 810 982 1186 1243 1308 1344 1593 670 788 885 999 1100 1319 1596 Band Assignment Nucleic acids Aminoacids Polysaccharides Polysaccharides Polysaccharides Aminoacids or nucleic acids Aminoacids or fatty acids Fatty acids Nucleic acids Aminoacids Aminoacids Polysaccharides Polysaccharides Aminoacids or nucleic acids Fatty acids Effect on Treated Cells Diminishes Diminishes No changes Diminishes Diminishes Diminishes No changes Diminishes Diminishes Diminishes Diminishes Diminishes Diminishes Diminishes Diminishes 2.7. Antibiofilm Activiy of PchNPs The biofilm biomass of E. coli and C. albicans was measured with crystal violet stain. Comparison of the basal measures (biofilm without PchNP) with treated biofilm allowed analyzing the nanoparticles ability to eradicate biofilms. Reports on the antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles have been promising; showing that exposure to silver nanoparticles produced changes to the structural biofilm conformation of Candida albicans [27] and effectively inhibited E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation [24]. Unfortunately, silver nanoparticles are prone to aggregation, reducing their antimicrobial efficacy andPDF Image | Biofilm Eradication Using Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles
PDF Search Title:
Biofilm Eradication Using Biogenic Silver NanoparticlesOriginal File Name Searched:
molecules-25-02023-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Infinity Turbine Developing Spinning Disc Reactor SDR or Spinning Disc Reactors reduce processing time for liquid production of Silver Nanoparticles.
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)