PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 005
Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 681 5 of 25 adjustable drug loading and releasing profiles, but should also enable [70] maximal therapeutic efficiency at concentrations below that of the sole biosubstance with side-effect minimization [91,92]. Thanks to their intrinsic anticancer activity [93], AgNPs attracted special attention for this particular domain, and were successfully evaluated as effective anti-tumor drug-delivery systems [94], acting either as passive [95,96] or active [97,98] nanocarriers for anticancer drugs. For the preparation of biocompatible AgNPs, different strategies were used, such as organic-water two-phase synthesis [99–101], micro-emulsion [102–104], radiolysis [105,106], and most commonly, reduction in aqueous solution [94,107,108]. Impressive attention, scientific knowledge, and financial support were lately oriented toward the formulation of AgNP-based drug-delivery platforms, thanks to the intrinsic features of nanosilver, including its capacity to bind a wide range of organic molecules, its tunable and strong absorption properties, and its low toxicity [109]. Recent studies evidenced the potential use of AgNPs as vaccine and drug carriers for specific and selective cell or tissue targeting [109]. In addition to the great optical properties of AgNPs (governed by specific surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance) [110–112], the recent improvements in AgNP biocompatibility and stability via surface modification strongly recommend nanostructured systems based on silver as specific, selective, and versatile candidates for drug-delivery applications [113]. 4. Silver Nanoparticles for Catheter Modification Central venous catheters (CVC) were firstly described by Niederhuber in 1982; since then, these devices became important therapeutic tools for diverse clinical conditions requiring malnutrition and replacement therapy (e.g., renal disease and cancer) [114]. CVCs are normally used to provide access for intravenous fluid administration, hemodynamics monitoring, drug-delivery pathways [115], and nutritional support in critically ill patients. Still, these medical devices are also a considerable source of hospital-acquired infections [116], and are considered a specific high-risk category of devices susceptible to microbial contamination and colonization phenomena [117]. A recent study showed that various Staphhylococcus aureus strains are responsible for catheter-related infections, and 82% of them are methicillin-resistant strains possessing many genes expressed in biofilm development and bacterial dispersion processes [118]. In order to induce antibacterial effects to clinically relevant materials and devices, AgNPs were extensively explored for the modification of one-dimensional and two-dimensional surfaces [119], such as cotton fabrics [120,121], natural and artificial fibers [122–124], thin polymer films [125,126], and wound pads [127,128]. Even if silver (a half-noble metal) is susceptible to quick oxidation processes, the impressive surface-to-volume atomic ratio related to AgNPs accounts for the sustained local supply of Ag+ ions at the coating/tissue interface [129]. In recent studies, the role of AgNP-modified catheters as non-toxic devices capable of sustained release of bactericidal silver, exhibiting preventive effects against infection-related complications, was presented [116,130,131]. Given the fact that one of the major groups of organisms that causes device-related infections is represented by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), the effects exhibited by AgNPs and AgNP-coated catheters against these organisms were intimately studied [38]. Significant inhibitory effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilm development were exhibited by CVCs coated with AgNPs [115,132–134]. Because the binding capacity of silver nanoparticles to bacterial cells is influenced by the surface area available for interaction, the bactericidal effects are expected to be size-dependent [135]. Catheters treated with silver ions represent a feasible strategy for reducing dialysis-related infections in patients undergoing peritoneal catheters; however, the antimicrobial efficiency and obtaining methods of Ag+ are different [136]. Silver/copper-coated catheters were assessed as a promising solution for preventing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, since their antibacterial activity might be improved by limiting non-specific plasma protein adsorption [137].PDF Image | Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles
PDF Search Title:
Biomedical Applications of Silver NanoparticlesOriginal File Name Searched:
nanomaterials-08-00681-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Infinity Turbine Developing Spinning Disc Reactor SDR or Spinning Disc Reactors reduce processing time for liquid production of Silver Nanoparticles.
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)