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Nanomaterials 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 20 Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1042 Table 3. MIC and MBC values for AgNPs and Streptomycin. 13 of 20 Organism Sample MIC (μg/mL) MBC (μg/mL) AgNPs 32 64 factor in terms of pEen. ceotlriation power and interaction with the cell membrane [45]. With increasing Streptomycin 8 32 cases of antibiotic resistance, AgNPs might be able to provide a potential alternative to conventional anti-microbialagSe.neptsid.ermidis AgNPs Streptomycin 4 32 <0.5 2 AgNPs Ag+ Ribosomes HO●. O2●- 1O2 H2O2 ROS Figure 9. Putative concerted mechanistic model of antibacterial action of AgNPs showing the interaction of AgNPs and silver ions (Ag+) with cell membrane, ribosomes, proteins, and DNA leading to ROS Figure 9. Putative concerted mechanistic model of antibacterial action of AgNPs showing the production and consequent cell death. interaction of AgNPs and silver ions (Ag+) with cell membrane, ribosomes, proteins, and DNA 3.5.MicrolbeiadliCngellt-oDReOaSthpKroidnuetcitciosnSatundyconsequentcelldeath. The microbial cell death kinetics study was conducted at the MBC, the concentration at which 3.5. Microbial Cell-Death Kinetics Study cell death occurs. The concentrations of AgNPs and streptomycin used were 32 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, The microbial cell death kinetics study was6conducted at the MBC, the concentration at which respectively.Theinitialcellconcentrationwas1×10 cells/mL.Streptomycinexhibitedafastermodeof cell death occurs. The concentrations of AgNPs and streptomycin used were 32 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, action compared to AgNPs, reaching zero CFU count in 12 h, while AgNPs required approximately 24 h respectively. The initial cell concentration was 1 × 106 cells/mL. Streptomycin exhibited a faster mode to reach zero CFU count (Figure 10). In contrast, the control cells achieved a robust growth, entering of action compared to AgNPs, reaching zero CFU count in 12 h, while AgNPs required the log phase after 6 h and the stationary phase after 24 h. The decrease in CFU count for streptomycin approximately 24 h to reach zero CFU count (Figure 10). In contrast, the control cells achieved a was evident only after 2 h, whereas the initial decrease in the case of AgNPs was clearly evident after robust growth, entering the log phase after 6 h and the stationary phase after 24 h. The decrease in 6 h. Bactericidal action can be represented in terms of logarithmic reduction, which correlates the CFU CFU count for streptomycin was evident only after 2 h, whereas the initial decrease in the case of of the untreated cells with that of the treated cells. A reduction of greater than 3 log10 compared with AgNPs was clearly evident after 6 h. Bactericidal action can be represented in terms of logarithmic the initial inoculum can be treated as evidence of bactericidal action [46]. In the case of streptomycin, reduction, which correlates the CFU of the untreated cells with that of the treated cells. A reduction this reduction was achieved between 6 and 12 h, whereas the AgNPs reached this reduction between of greater than 3 log10 compared with the initial inoculum can be treated as evidence of bactericidal 12 and 24 h. The final cell count in both the cases was found to be zero in 1:10 dilution. The data was action [46]. In the case of streptomycin, this reduction was achieved between 6 and 12 h, whereas the treated accordingly, assuming the presence of 10 viable cells in the sample, giving the final log (CFU) AgNPs reached this reduction between 12 and 24 h. The final cell count in both the cases wa1s0found valuetoasbe1z.erAoltinho1u:1g0hdiAlugtNionP.sTehxehdibaittaewdasslotrweaetredbactceoridcindgalyk,ainsseutimcsincgomthepapredsenwciethofs1tr0evpitaobmleycceilnls, they both eventually resulted in cell death. As such, in future, it might be prudent to use AgNPs in conjunction with standard antibiotics, so that the efficiency of traditional antibiotics can be merged with the penetration ability of AgNPs along with their own antibacterial ability.PDF Image | Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Talaromyces purpurogenus
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