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Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1042 16 of 20 Nanomaterials 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 16 of 20 Figure 12. Changes in HepG2 cell morphology after exposure to various concentrations of 5-FU (top) Figure 12. Changes in HepG2 cell morphology after exposure to various concentrations of 5-FU (top) and AgNPs (bottom). and AgNPs (bottom). Previously, the researchers have speculated that the primary manner of action of AgNPs could Previously, the researchers have speculated that the primary manner of action of AgNPs could be the interaction of released ions with the cellular components, leading to the production of ROS be the interaction of released ions with the cellular components, leading to the production of ROS and oxidative stress that causes apoptotic cell death [47]. In addition, this interaction reduces ATP and oxidative stress that causes apoptotic cell death [47]. In addition, this interaction reduces ATP production and disrupts the functioning of cellular proteins and enzymes such as protein kinase, thereby production and disrupts the functioning of cellular proteins and enzymes such as protein kinase, inttehrefererbinygiwntietrhfecreinllgrewpiatihr[c4e8ll].reAppaairt[f4r8o]m. Atphaisr,tAfrgoNmPtshhisa,vAegbNeePnsshaovwenbetoencosnhsotwranintoancgoinosgtreaniensis, whainchgiiosgaenesise,nwtihailcshteipsinantuemssoeunrtiaglroswtetphaindtumeotausrtagsriosw[4t9h].aTnhdesmeedtaivstearsiesm[4e9c]h.aTnhisemsesdmivigehrsteact inmcoencchearntifsomrsthmeigAhgtNacPtsintocoenxecertrtthfoerirthaenAti-gcNanPcsetropeoxteernttihael.iranti-cancerpotential. The activity of biogenic AgNPs against several cancerous cell lines has been previously The activity of biogenic AgNPs against several cancerous cell lines has been previously reported. reported. El-Naggar et al. [19] prepared phycocyanin-reduced AgNPs that had an IC50 value of 27.79 El-Naggar et al. [19] prepared phycocyanin-reduced AgNPs that had an IC50 value of 27.79 ± 2.3 μg/mL ± 2.3 μg/mL against mammary gland breast cancer (MCF-7), 31.78 ± 2.2 μg/mL against human lung against mammary gland breast cancer (MCF-7), 31.78 ± 2.2 μg/mL against human lung fibroblast (WI38) fibroblast (WI38) cell line, and 32.97 ± 1.7 μ g/mL against human amnion (WISH) cell lines. Similarly, cell line, and 32.97 ± 1.7 μg/mL against human amnion (WISH) cell lines. Similarly, Anbazhagan et al. [50] Anbazhagan et al. [50] synthesized AgNPs using Cunninghamella echinulata and tested their synthesized AgNPs using Cunninghamella echinulata and tested their cytotoxicity against Vero cell cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines, which showed an IC50 value of 62.8 μg/mL for AgNPs. This lines, which showed an IC50 value of 62.8 μg/mL for AgNPs. This activity was contrasted against the activity was contrasted against the cytotoxic activity of AgNO3, which indicated that cytotoxic activity of AgNO3, which indicated that myco-synthesized nanoparticles were less cytotoxic myco-synthesized nanoparticles were less cytotoxic to normal cells than bulk salts. AgNPs to normal cells than bulk salts. AgNPs synthesized using Klebsiella oxytoca DSM 29614 were coated synthesized using Klebsiella oxytoca DSM 29614 were coated with exopolysaccharides under the with exopolysaccharides under the presence and absence of oxygen. The AgNPs synthesized under presence and absence of oxygen. The AgNPs synthesized under aerobic conditions exhibited very aerobic conditions exhibited very strong activity against human breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and strong activity against human breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and 8701-BC, with IC50 values of 5 8701-BC, with IC50 values of 5 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL, respectively [51]. In addition, they exhibited IC50 μ g/mL and 8 μ g/mL, respectively [51]. In addition, they exhibited IC50 values of 20 ± 2, 26 ± 2, and 34 values of 20 ± 2, 26 ± 2, and 34 ± 4 μg/mL against human colon cancer cell lines, HT-29, HCT 116, and ± 4 μ g/mL against human colon cancer cell lines, HT-29, HCT 116, and Caco-2, respectively [51]. Caco-2, respectively [51]. Ahmadian et al. [52] showed that chemically produced AgNPs have an IC50 value of 75 μg/mL Ahmadian et al. [52] showed that chemically produced AgNPs have an IC value of 75 μg/mL against the HepG2 cell line. In contrast, Justin Packia Jacob et al. [53] estimate5d0 an IC50 of 31.25 against the HepG2 cell line. In contrast, Justin Packia Jacob et al. [53] estimated an IC of 31.25 μg/mL μg/mL against HepG2 cells for AgNPs prepared by reduction using Piper longum le5a0f extracts and agahiynpsot tHhepsiGze2dctehllastftohrisAagcNtioPns pmriegphatrbede abtytrriebduutecdtiotonpuispienrgidPiinperplroensgeunmt inleathfexletraafcetxstarancdt hcoyaptointhgetshiezed thaAt gthNiPs ascutrifoancem. Tighhetsebereastutrltisbuintdedicatoteptihpaetrtihdeinperoppresretinets ionf tAhgeNlePasf gexentrearcatecdoaftrionmg trhede uAcgtiNonPussuirnfgace. Thbeisoelorgeiscualtcsominpdoicuantdestmhaigththbee pdrifofeprerntitefsroomf tAhagtNoPf tshegecnhemraitceadllyfrsoymnthresdizuecdtiAongNuPssi.nMg obrieoolvoegri,cal comthpeoduinffdesremncieghint btehedinffaetruernetoffrobmio-trheadtuoctfanthteimchpeamrtsicadlilfyfesreyntthpersoizpedrtieAsgNtoPtsh.eMsyonrtehoevseizre,dthe nanoparticles. In this study, AgNPs exhibited an IC50 value of 11.1 μg/mL, signifying a very strong difference in the nature of bio-reductant imparts different properties to the synthesized nanoparticles. activity against HepG2 cell lines. This activity is quite comparable to the other values mentioned in In this study, AgNPs exhibited an IC50 value of 11.1 μg/mL, signifying a very strong activity against the literature. The functional groups and molecules present on the AgNPs surface in conjunction HepG2 cell lines. This activity is quite comparable to the other values mentioned in the literature. The functional groups and molecules present on the AgNPs surface in conjunction with the penetrativePDF Image | Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Talaromyces purpurogenus
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