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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 555 10 of 12 4. Conclusions The reduction of silver ions and the generation of nanoparticles were realized successfully by means of an atmospheric pressure plasma source. It was possible to observe the formation kinetics of silver nanoparticles in situ via UV/VIS-spectroscopy in a detailed temporal resolution. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the time-dependent alterations of the nanoparticle shape could be illustrated properly. The shape and number distribution were found to be in good accordance with the absorbance signals from the UV/VIS spectra. With this knowledge, clues arose to estimate the particle formation process in two different main synthesis phases within the considered time range. The analytical method of in situ UV/VIS-spectroscopy can be used to control the atmospheric pressure plasma reduction process in order to gain silver nanoparticles in a specifically defined quality. For future research, the influence of plasma parameters such as working gas, power input, and working distance on nanoparticle synthesis should be evaluated by in situ UV/VIS spectrometry. In a further step, the plasma-generated nanoparticles could be applied in situ on fiber materials such as non-woven fabrics, especially to make use of the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles in this case. Due to its scalability, the plasma source usage is excellently suitable for possible industrial applications. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D.T., M.W. and O.H.; Data curation, D.T.; Funding acquisition, S.W. and W.V.; Investigation, D.T., J.M. and W.M.; Methodology, D.T. and M.W.; Project administration, S.W. and W.V.; Resources, S.W. and W.V.; Supervision, C.G., S.W. and W.V.; Visualization, D.T.; Writing—original draft, D.T.; Writing—review & editing, M.W., C.G. and O.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by the Volkswagen Foundation (VWZN3102) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (13FH6I02IA). Acknowledgments: We deeply thank Darius Rohleder and Peng Wentao from the Georg August University of Göttingen, as well as Roger Skarsten, Martin Bellmann, and Jannik Schulz from the HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts for the great support and help. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Mariotti, D.; Sankaran, R.M. Perspectives on atmospheric-pressure plasmas for nanofabrication. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2011, 44, 174023. [CrossRef] 2. Kubik, T.; Bogunia-Kubik, K.; Sugisaka, M. Nanotechnology on duty in medical applications. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 2005, 6, 17–33. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Haji, A.; Qavamnia, S.S.; Barani, H. In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles onto cotton fibres modified with plasma treatment and acrylic acid grafting. Micro Nano Lett. 2013, 8, 315–318. [CrossRef] 4. Lai, C.Y.; Cheong, C.F.; Mandeep, J.S.; Abdullah, H.B.; Amin, N.; Lai, K.W. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles and silver inks: Review on the past and recent technology roadmaps. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2014, 23, 3541–3550. [CrossRef] 5. Thakkar, K.N.; Mhatre, S.S.; Parikh, R.Y. Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine 2010, 6, 257–262. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 6. Chang, F.-C.; Richmonds, C.; Sankaran, R.M. Microplasma-assisted growth of colloidal Ag nanoparticles for point-of-use surface-enhanced Raman scattering applications. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2010, 28, L5–L8. [CrossRef] 7. Chou, K.-S.; Ren, C.-Y. Synthesis of nanosized silver particles by chemical reduction method. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2000, 64, 241–246. [CrossRef] 8. Mafuné, F.; Kohno, J.-Y.; Takeda, Y.; Kondow, T.; Sawabe, H. Structure and Stability of Silver Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution Produced by Laser Ablation. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 8333–8337. [CrossRef] 9. Courrol, L.C.; de Oliveira Silva, F.R.; Gomes, L. A simple method to synthesize silver nanoparticles by photo-reduction. Colloids Surf. A 2007, 305, 54–57. [CrossRef] 10. Šileikaite ̇, A.; Puišo, J.; Prosycˇevas, I.; Tamulevicˇius, S. Investigation of silver nanoparticles formation kinetics during reduction of silver nitrate with sodium citrate. Mater. Sci. 2009, 15, 21–27.PDF Image | Formation Kinematics of Plasma-Generated Silver Nanoparticles
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