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GO was prepared by the improved Hummers’ method from natural flake graphite mentioned above. 25 mg GO was dissolved in 50 mL ultra pure water followed by sonication in Ultrasonic cell grinder for 4 min. 25 mg AgNO3 was dissolved in 2 mL ultra pure water and then added into GO solution. 4.2 g PVP was dissolved in 20 mL ultra pure water. Then, 1 mL PVP solution was added Nanominateoriatlhs e20r2e0a, 1c0t,io45n4 solution to prevent the aggregation of silver nanoparticles. After sonicati3oonf 1fo3 r 20 min, the mixture was heated to boiling, and then 150 mg sodium citrate dissolved in 10 mL ultra pure water was added to the solution. After boiling under reflux for 40 min, protected from light, composite was prepared, and the size of the AgNPs was 8 nm. The concentration of AgNO3 can GO/AgNP composite was prepared, and the size of the AgNPs was 8 nm. The concentration of influence the size of AgNPs. 50 mg and 100 mg AgNO3 were dissolved in ultra pure water and then AgNO3 can influence the size of AgNPs. 50 mg and 100 mg AgNO3 were dissolved in ultra pure water added to the composite solution, respectively. After boiilng under reflux for another 40 min, similar and then added to the composite solution, respectively. After boiilng under reflux for another 40 min, samples were prepared using AgNPs of 20 nm and 33 nm (Scheme 1). The image of composite solution similar samples were prepared using AgNPs of 20 nm and 33 nm (Scheme 1). The image of composite was shown in Figure S1 GO/AgNP composite membranes was prepared by the vacuum filtration solution was shown in Figure.S1 GO/AgNP composite membranes was prepared by the vacuum method using equipment shown as Figure S2. A 0.22-μm cellulose acetate was used as support the filtration method using equipment shown as Figure S2. A 0.22-μm cellulose acetate was used as membrane, which will be part of the final product. The composite solution was filtrated through support the membrane, which will be part of the final product. The composite solution was filtrated cellulose acetate membrane under a transmembrane pressure of 1 bar (0.1 MPa), and then dried the through cellulose acetate membrane under a transmembrane pressure of 1 bar (0.1 MPa), and then composite membrane in air. The image of composite membrane is shown in Figure S3. dried the composite membrane in air. The image of composite membrane is shown in Figure. S3. Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of preparation of GO/AgNPs composite. Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of preparation of GO/AgNPs composite. 2.3. Performance Evaluation of GO/AgNPs Composite Membrane 2.3. Performance Evaluation of GO/AgNPs Composite Membrane A home-made dead-end filtration device was used to measure the membrane performance. A home-made dead-end filtration device was used to measure the membrane performance. The The water flux values, which can be used to measure permeability of the membrane, were calculated J= V (1) A×t×P A×t×P filtration time, and P (bar) is the transmembrane pressure. water flux values, which can be used to measure permeability of the membrane, were calculated according to: according to: where V (L) is the volume of water, A (m ) is the effective filtration area of the membrane, t (h) is the 2 J=V (1) Rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) were used to characterize the rejection performance where V (L) is the volume of water, A (m2) is the effective filtration area of the membrane, t (h) is the of composite membrane. The rejection can be calculated using the following equation: filtration time, and P (bar) is the transmembrane pressure. A2 Rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) were used to characterize the rejection R= 1−A ×100% (2) 1 performance of composite membrane. The rejection can be calculated using the following equation: where A2 is the absorption of the filtrate, and A1 is the absorption of the original solution. 2.4. Characterization of GO/AgNPs Composite and Membrane The oxygen containing groups on GO and GO/AgNPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR; MAGNA-IR 550, Thermo Nicolet Corporation, Beijing, China). The oxidized sp2 structure was characterized by raman spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific DXR 2xi, Shanghai, China). The morphology and structure of GO and GO/AgNP composite membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; JEOL-6460, JSM-750, Beijing, China) and atomic by force microscopy (AFM; Bruker Bioscope Resolve, Beijing, China). The presence of AgNPs on GOPDF Image | Graphene Oxide Nanofiltration Membranes Silver Nanoparticles
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